فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (بهار 1397)

The scientific elites are bases of development of societies. The results of less attention to them are coefficient of intelligence crisis and damage to development process in different aspects. Purpose of this paper is investigation of scientific elites’ attitude to future career in Iran and its effect on tendency to migration. Research method is survey and universe was elite students of ferdowsi university of Mashhad and research sample was selected with method of stratified sampling with optimum allocation. Data was collected with questionnaire and analyzed with Spss and Amos softwares. Validity and reliability of questionnaire is determined via face validity and coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha (0.74). The results show that elite students’ attitude to future career in Iran was negative and this attitude was more intense in men. Dimensions of attitude to future career (i.e., satisfying material, intellectual, spiritual needs and proportion of job with field) and experience of migration have direct and significant effect on tendency to migration. Dimension of satisfying material needs via affecting two dimension of satisfying intellectual, spiritual needs has indirect and significant effect on tendency to migration. While, gender doesn’t have any significant effect on it.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital and political participation of women in Ahvaz, that sociological perspective which related to political participation were used.This survey and data collected through questionnaire. The study population included all 18 to 64 years old women in Ahvaz that the sample size was determined based on Coceran frame 384 of people.In terms of time this study was conducted in the years 2016-2017. The research result shows independent variables such as (age, income, education, ethnicity, material status, social capital and social trust, sense of powerlessness, social cohesion and social link) with dependent variable (political participation) have significant relationship. The results of regression analysis and path analysis show that social trust variable had the greatest impact on dependent variable and income level had the minimal impact on it. Totally, independent variables were explained 14/3% of the variance in the dependent variables, and 85/7% of not explained variance belongs to variables that have not been used in this study.

This paper studies the relationship between awareness of concept and social component of sustainable development with social capital and awareness of citizenship rights between citizens of the Meshgin-Shahr. Measuring awareness of the concept of sustainable development and its social component has been done under the framework of UNESCO. Marshall Theory about citizenship rights and the theory of for Putnam, Coleman and Bourdieu on social capital have been applied for measuring awareness of citizenship rights and social capital. The research method was survey. Information was collected by researcher-made questionnaire. The population under study was citizens over 18 years of age who live in Meshgin-Shahr. 382 person samples were selected with using random cluster sample. The results showed the mean of Awareness of the concept of sustainable development and its social component is above average. Awareness of citizenship rights at the intermediate level upward is a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable. Social capital at the intermediate level is a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable.

Time is one of thekey factors in achieving success and happiness thatdoesn’t have same value for all people; some people waste it as they will be alive for alive; and others who treasure time, compare it with gold and money. This scarce resource, which each second of that can provide opportunities to live, to be bright and influential, is only available for a short time. The present study aimed to assess factors associated with value of time among the citizens of Yazd. The samples consist of citizens of Yazd who were over 15 years old. 384 people were selected as samples through Cochran formula. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire that its validity and reliability evaluated by Construct validitymethod. Multi-stage cluster random sampling method used for sampling. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between genders, education, social origin, Occupation, need for achievement, universality, socialization, religiosity, social capital with the value of time. However, the relationship between age, family income and modernism withvalue of time was not significant. Socialization, achievement and education entered in stepwise regression model as Independent variables and explained 28 percent of value of time variance.

This paper is prepared to identify and analysis of the factors related participatory development from perspective of local development capacities in Ilam province. The research method is quantitative and the kind of research is survey research. The ststistical population is 15-year-old people and higher than 15-year-old of Ilam province, the number of 432528 ones, and the sample size is 439 ones. Results from out research hub perspective the value of the pearson coefficient between human capital, economic capital, social capital, institutional capital variables and local capacity development to proceed the participation of the people in regional development of Ilam province was (0/358, 0/205, 0/311, 0/262, 0/437) positive and meaningful respectively. Also the results of tegression analysis affirms human capital variable Beta equal to 0/292 is the most amount, the second, institutional capital variable to the Beta equal to 0/182. the third, social capital variable to the Beta equal to 0/151 and the finally, economic capital variable to the Beta equal to 0/108 has fewest influence on to proceed the participation of the people in regional development of Ilam province. Generally, it can be concluded, human capital, economic capital, social capital, institutional capital, not only are factors contributing to the development of participment in the Ilam, but more importantly, the process of participartory development is a combination of these factors in the development.

The main objective of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the success of female entrepreneurs in Tehran. This research is a quantitative survey. The statistical population of the study is entrepreneur women working in various economic and social fields with a sample size of 150 individuals. The results show that the socio-economic characteristics such as age, marital status, education level, work experience and income play an important role in the level of female entrepreneurship in Tehran. That is, the rate of female entrepreneurship is slightly reduced with age. Single people and those with bachelor degrees have a higher entrepreneurial spirit; work experience also increases female entrepreneurship spirit. Ultimately, efforts to increase income promotes the entrepreneurial spirit in women. Based on the results of regression analysis, variables of motivation for progress, innovation, management skills, collaborative culture, entrepreneurial parents, experience of gender discrimination in work, support of state institutions, appropriate legal structures and extensive social relationships have been able to explain 73.7% of the changes in entrepreneurship variable. These results also show that the most important factor in the success of entrepreneurial women is the appropriate legal structures and the support of state institutions, i.e. structural factors.

The traditional societies of Iran have experienced different ways of solving social crises (murder, conflict and group disputes). The present research is based on a historical-analytical approach inspired by Durkheim's view (restorative and criminal justice) to analyze the mechanisms of conflict management and the degree of adaptation and differentiation of this mechanism with Durkheim's view.The results show that the four types of restorative justice approach (trust, dialogue and participation, mediation and the principle of futurism) can be identified in Iran's management mechanisms, but the principle of voluntariness in the traditional way is not very clear. This means that the traditional society of Iran, due to the norm of hierarchical culture, the collective conscience, the Sectoral structure of societies (Hive structural) and its heterogeneous texture, are not the basis for the development of Durkheim-type restorative rights (modern society based on division of labor). This type of community has used from a specific mechanism for managing of struggle, which is idiference with variety of restorative and criminal justice, an approach which has been influenced by the political and socio-cultural structure of the society and has been found in the form of traditional social rituals.

Sustainable development as one of the most complete and Most consistent forms of development When human agency in its center gives more functionality to facilitate human life becomes But to achieve this sustainable human development requires high costs and if the internal capabilities of human While reducing development costs, for which it will be more continuity This article examines the relationship between social cohesion by case basis in the cities of Khash, Saravan and Sarbaz with development. For this purpose, the test consists of 21 questions based on the theory of social cohesion Miller and sustainable human development Estes, Johnston, Nancy & Stiglitz analysis of data obtained from the questionnaires suggest using Spearmans test With 99% confidence can be argued that the relationship between social cohesion and sustainable human development in the three towns of Sistan and Baluchestan province And the intensity of 0.605 with the positive correlation indicates a strong relationship between the two variables is And can strengthen social cohesion, sustainable human development upgrade.

Internet is considered to be one of the most influential modern information and communication technologies which has changed virtually and heavily all the aspects of human life, among the others the individual and collective living of our life. The development of all the societies and especially those who are called the developing ones dependes on Internet by which the pace of development, whether fast or slow, is decided. The political scholars are of this opinion that Internet has got positive effects on political development of the societies in terms of diffusion and and collection of free information, huge impact on formation of public opinion and directing it, amendment of societies partial and or complete structures, electronic democracy as well as performing elections. Meanwhile, Internet might have negative outcomes such as national supremacy, downsizing human’s privacy, however taking into consideration the qualities such as interactivity, timelessness of communication, lack of a centralized control, lack of ownership of the network and censorship-evading nature can best bring about a suitable space for the missing political participation and therefore fostering political participation.