فهرست مطالب
Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Volume:12 Issue: 4, Jul-Aug 2018
- تاریخ انتشار: 1397/04/23
- تعداد عناوین: 8
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Pages 1-4BackgroundSulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical blistering warfare that affects different organs especially hematopoietic system. Prevalence of acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia is increased by sulfur mustard exposure. FLT3-ITD mutation can be effective on leukemogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the frequency of FLT3-ITD mutation in the patients who exposed to SM.MethodsThis study was implemented on 42 people poisoned by SM during Iraq-Iran war about three decades ago and is now resident in Mashhad, Iran. The control group included 30 healthy males that are relatives of the patients with first-degree. After DNA extraction, PCR was performed for FLT3-ITD analysis.ResultsBy analysis of PCR products, no FLT3-ITD mutation was detected in the patient or control groups. There was no significant difference in hematological factors between the two groups.ConclusionOther mechanisms can lead to leukemia in SM exposed persons. Elapsed time after exposure to sulfur mustard can be effective on leukemogenesis, then future more study may be beneficial for early diagnosis of leukemia in SM exposed veterans.Keywords: FLT3, Iran, Leukemia, Mutation, Sulfur Mustard
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Pages 5-9BackgroundEthinylestradiol (EE) has induced cholestasis and hepatotoxicity in animal studies through reducing bile acid uptake by hepatocytes and induce of oxidative stress. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug that by inhibition of release or transcription of proinflammatory cytokine cause prevents oxidative stress of liver cell and reduction of damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on liver injury induced by Ethinylestradiol in rats.MethodsTwenty-four female Wistar rats (300±20 gr) were divided into four groups, equally. Duration of treatment was 5 consecutive days for each group. The control group Simultaneously received orally and subcutaneously normal saline. PTX group Simultaneously received Pentoxifylline orally and normal saline subcutaneously, EE Group Simultaneously received EE subcutaneously and normal saline orally. In the EE㴵 group, rats Simultaneously received EE subcutaneously and PTX orally. Rats were anesthetized and blood and tissue samples were collected for measurement of hematological and biochemical parameters.ResultsThe EE administration increased the serum levels of ALP and MDA significantly. The EE administration also decreased albumin and GPX levels were significant. These aberrations were improved by PTX treatment in EE PTX group. Most of hematological parameters were not significant by the EE. The plasma level of TNF- in the PTX treated group showed a significant decrease in comparison to that in the ethinyl estradiol group.ConclusionPTX has partial capacity to protect against liver changes induced by Ethinyl Estradiol.Keywords: Biochemical Parameters, Hepatotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Pentoxifylline, 17?, Ethinylestradiol
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Pages 11-18BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) has received attention in environmental and toxicological research due to its widespread effects in biological systems. While several anti-oxidants have been used in ameliorating BPA-induced toxicities in experimental animals, there is the scarcity of research information on the use of Gallic acid (GA) in protecting against BPA-induced toxicity. This study investigated the ameliorative effect of Gallic acid in BPA-induced toxicities of the adult male Wistar rats.MethodsThirty two adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight animals each as follows: Group 1 (Control rats): 0.2 ml of corn oil; Group 2 (GA-treated rats): 20 mg/kg/day GA (dissolved in distilled water); Group 3 (BPA-treated rats): 10 mg/kg/day BPA suspended in 0.2 ml corn oil; Group 4 (BPAtreated rats): BPA (10 mg/kg/day) with a concomitant GA (20 mg/kg/day). All treatments were orally administered for 14 days.ResultsBPA significantly increased (PConclusionBPA caused structural and cellular perturbations of the blood, liver, and kidney of rats while concomitant treatment with GA ameliorates the condition. Hence, GA has hepato-protective and nephroprotective actions against BPA-induced toxicity in Wistar rats.Keywords: Bisphenol A, Gallic acid, Kidney, Liver, Toxicity
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Pages 19-23BackgroundFood poisoning resulting from microbial and heavy metals pollution is commonplace. These contaminants do not only reduce the nutritional value of the food but are in many cases toxic. In this study, the proximate composition, bacterial quality and some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) concentration in three common fish species (Claria gariepinus, Heterobrachus bidorsalis and Channa obscura) found in flood basin of Omambala River in Anambra, Nigeria were evaluated from 2016 to 2017.MethodsWet digestion was used for the samples preparation and AOAC methods were adopted for the proximate analysis. Standard aerobic pour-platetechniques were used for bacterial enumeration while heavy metal concentrations were determinedusing Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).ResultsAll the fish species had high protein, moisture, lipid, ash and minerals contents. Mean bacteria count of 3.36x106cfu/g was observed in C. gariepinus while C. obscura had mean bacterial count of 3.23x106cfu/g and H. bidorsalis had mean bacterial count of 3.40x106cfu/g. C. gariepinus had a cadmium and lead concentration of 0.012±0.012mg/kg,and 0.0043±0.0012mg/kg respectively while C.obscura had 0.010 ± 0.005mg/kg and 0.037 ±0.013mg/kg of cadmium and lead. H.bidorsalis had 0.011 ± 0.002mg/kg, and 0.048 ± 0.005mg/kg of cadmium and lead respectively.ConclusionAll the fish species are good sources of nutrient. The microbial and heavy metals concentrations were within the acceptable international limits for heavy metals in foods. However, the presence of these toxicants in the samples is a source of concern in relation to the health of the consumers.Keywords: Bacteria, Fish, Flood Basin, Heavy Metal, Nutrients, Proximate
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Pages 25-30We evaluated ameliorative effects of Jamun seed and orange peel extracts on liver toxicity in cypermethrin exposed rat.MethodsRats were given following treatments daily for 30 d: Group A: Control
Group B: Rats received cypermethrin
Group C: These rats received cypermethrin and Jamun seed extract simultaneously
Group D: These rats received cypermethrin and orange peel extract simultaneously
Group E: Rats received orange peel extract
Group F: Rats received Jamun seed extract
In respective groups dose of cypermethrin, Jamun seed and orange peel extract were 25 mg/ kg body wt, 200 mg/kg body wt and 200 mg/kg body wt, respectively. Liver was fixed for light and electron microscopic studies.ResultsAfter 15 d cypermethrin or cypermethrin┡ or cypermethrin㣱 treatment hepatocytes exhibited increased cell size, nuclei became more hyperchromatic and hypertrophied. Degeneration of nuclei and dilatation of sinusoids have been noticed. After 30 d cypermethrin treatment hepatocytes exhibit more pronounced hypertrophy with hyperchromatic nuclei. Few hepatocytes exhibit nuclei with irregular boundaries. Hepatocytes show foamy cytoplasm and few vacuoles. Focal necrosis visible at certain places. Binucleated cells are also encountered. In cypermethrin┡ and cypermethrin㣱 treated rats, hepatocytes exhibit hypertrophy, hyperchromatic nuclei and dilatation of sinusoids. Degeneration of hepatocytes are seen at some places, however, focal necrosis is not seen in these groups. No noticeable histological alterations are seen in orange peel extract (group E) and jamun seed extract (group F) treated rats.ConclusionCypermethrin induced hepatic toxicity can be protected by treatment with Jamun seed and orange peel extract.Keywords: Cypermethrin, Hepatocytes, Pyrethroid, Jamun Seed Extract, Liver, Orange Peel Extract Liver -
Pages 31-39BackgroundAlthough the production and usage of nanoparticles and their entrance to the ecosystem have increased in last decades, information about their negative impacts on organisms is scarce. We concentrated on the comparison of the toxicological effects of different concentrations of bulk-nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) on lesser (Lemna minor L.) and giant (Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.) duckweeds as two model macrophytes.MethodsThe morphology of nickel oxide nanoparticles was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transition electron microscopy (TEM). The plant's growth, photosynthetic pigments content, the contents of total phenols, flavonoids and MDA, and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes were investigated as indices to assess the toxicological effects of the NPs on two plant species.ResultsThe content of photosynthetic pigments in both of the plant species was significantly reduced by high concentration of NiO-NP. Increasing the concentration of the contaminants in the plant species was led to the remarkable enhancement of total phenol and flavonoid and MDA contents. Moreover, increasing the activity of the plant's antioxidant enzymes could reflect high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after the plant's treatments with the contaminants.ConclusionThe negative effects of the NiO-NPs, especially in high concentrations, on L. minor and S. polyrhiza were more than those of Bulk-NiO.Keywords: Duckweed, Environmental Pollution, Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles, Plant Physiological Responses, Phytotoxicity, Risk Assessment
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Pages 41-45BackgroundLactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species are among the probiotics discussed due to their anti-cancer effects in the treatment of colorectal and breast cancers in recent studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of Familact, a commercial probiotic capsule containing seven bacterial strains (L. casei, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. bulgaricus, B. breve, B. longum and Streptococcus thermophilus).MethodsVarious cancer cell lines including Caco-2, HT-29, T47D and normal cell line L929 were treated with different concentrations of Familact. Using MTT assay, the cytotoxicity effect was investigated for each cell line and then flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis was evaluated.ResultsFamilact demonstrated inhibitory effects on the proliferation of all tested cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Although Familact augmented apoptotic cell death in HT-29 human cancer cells, it was less effective in the case of Caco-2 and T47D cells. Moreover, exposure to Familact showed moderate cytotoxicity towards L929 mouse fibroblast cells.ConclusionFamilact could be considered as a complementary therapy in the treatment of cancers.Keywords: Apoptosis, Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Familact, Prebiotic, Probiotics
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Pages 47-50BackgroundBerberine and Nano-curcumin are two herbal medicines with strong anti-cancer effects on tumor cells, but low toxicity on normal cells, when used alone. Breast cancer is known as the most common cancer in women and second deadly one. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity effects of combination Berberine and Nano-curcumin in breast cancer cell line to see whether they have further synergism cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.MethodsThe cytotoxicity effects of Berberine and Nano-curcumin alone and in combination, were evaluated in MCF-7 cell lines using MTT cytotoxicity test. Statistical analysis is done through one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple range tests.ResultsAnalyzing results of this study showed that cytotoxicity of Nano-curcumin was higher than Berberine in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of combination Berberine and Nano-curcumin was lower and showed higher cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells compared with the time we use each of these drugs alone.ConclusionIn this study co-treatment of Berberine and Nano-curcumin significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and resulted in synergism cytotoxicity effects. These results indicated on their potency to further combination of these two drugs with other agents and common chemotherapies to improve breast cancer outcomes.Keywords: Berberine, Breast Cancer, Nano Curcumin