نشریه سیره پژوهی اهل بیت
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 2، بهار و تابستان 1395)

Regarding the Islamic historiography, character and nature of the Holy Prophet of Islam (Sira) has been debated in a vast number of different issues. Rational processes considered in this domain, include different biographies ranging from the life of The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to the background of thoughts and juridical and theological topics. A considerable point in the present study is what historiographical methods and approaches had been applied to analyze regulations governing resources and references in various biographies. This question leads us to the “assumption” that constant changes and development of “topical and conceptual scope” of the Holy Prophet provide sufficient criteria in the field of historical methodology, which can be identified and reproduced on a kind of generalized knowledge, socio political ideas and stimulating forces in the history of Islam. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate rational, intrinsic representations of Sira and the continuity of historical events about the Holy Prophet of Islam in the course of human life, which is considered as the major prominent feature of Islamic historiography.

Some scholars have divided the Infallible Imams' lives to some periods according to a specific categorization. These periods are different and originated from specific viewpoints. Attempting to deliver some reports from these approaches and their believers, the present paper is to discover the principles the believers of this theory rely on and its amount of conformity with the Imams' lives. The results and findings of this research indicate that this theory is a new one which dates back to the mid recent century. Such a division enjoys various methods which are not to be compatible with Imams' lives, as each Imam's life has its own requirements which are different from the others. Concequently, each one's behavior had been different from the other's as well, so that we may not clearly speak about the different roles each Imam had taken.

Relatively long duration of leadership of Imam Sajad (S.A.) can be considered one of the most important, critical periods in Islamic era and Shiism. Martyrdom of true Muslim believers in Ashura- the most prominent event of Islam, being few in population at the beginning of Imam Sajad’s leadership, audacity of the enemies towards Ahl-e- Bait (S.A.) in suppressing Shiite movements forced Imam Sajad to perform some various cultural activities in different forms instead of political explicit actions which would result in killing Muslims and also the Imam, himself. Therefore the Imam managed to present true Islamic culture and principles along with paving the way for transmitting Ahl-e-Bait teachings and providing appropriate means of establishing Shiite government during Umavid dynasty in the long run. The present study tries to propose answers to these questions: what has the role of Imam Sajad been in developing Shiism and Ahl-e-Bait? What were his methods and activities to expand and develop Shiite culture in both quality and quantity? The fundamental results of this article is that Imam Sajad seriously attempted to develop Shiism and was successful in establishing a school of trustful Muslims, in spite of severe suppressions by the enemies.

Selecting an appropriate successor for each Imam is vital and important to Shiite people during every period of time. This was an important event at the time of death of the holy Imam Jafar Sadegh (S.A.). Abdollah Aftah ; the oldest son of Imam Jafar Sadegh (S.A.) gathered some of Shiite people around him , claiming to be the next Imam and successor. His claim lasted shortly, and all those people scattered and accepted Imam Kazem as their next leader. Abdollah died after seventy days. Although this movement was not so deep and fundamental, formation and appearance of Fathieh needs a thorough and comprehensive analysis. In the present study, we have discussed the most important reasons for Shiite people to follow Abdollah and the rise and development of various sects after him. At the end of this article, some of famous followers of Fathhiyeh are presented, justifying the dispersion and distraction of Shiite Muslims and their overalliance and trust on the Holy Family on one hand, and their ignorance and unawareness on this issue on the other hand.

Appearance and rising of various verbal thoughts and ideas along with different deviated forms of religious tenets and sects in the first half of the second century (A.H.) forced the leader of the Shiite Muslims; Imam Sadegh (S.A.) to struggle hard against his opponents in different ways. He tried to take wise and moderate positions according to rules and principles of Islam and maintain true Islam from deviated beliefs by negating false hypotheses and untrue thoughts, and also showing their defects and contradictory beliefs. The present study analyzes Imam Sadegh attitudes and approaches confirming that the holy Imam has applied scientific, reasonable methods to encounter and defeat his opponents.

Sultan Mohammad Oljaito was the first Mongol Ilkhan to accept Shiite Islam as a formal religion. This event is so prominent in the history of Iran that it is worth considering thoroughly and completely. In the present article, we have tried to present various reasons of his tendency towards Shiism. Among many various reasons, one is the most important, that is the role of Shiite elites in this issue. Regarding all Shiite elites, the influence of Allameh Helli on this Mongol Ilkhan is really prominent and outstanding. And We do not attempt to limit the role of Allameh Helli to just Oljaito and his acceptance of Shiism, but also trace his major activities in propagandizing Shiite Islam.