Iranian Journal of Pediatric Surgery
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Jun 2018

Inguinal hernia are more frequent in male infants with an increased incidence in twins .Prematurity is a risk factor. Premature infants have particularly high incidence of inguinal hernias, approximately 11.5 % of patients have a family history. During open repair of hernia under general anesthesia, there is a high incidence of apnea in the preterm infants. Caudal anesthesia can be quite effective in providing anesthesia and analgesia.Three two-months-old babies (3.5-4 kg) born at 35 weeks’ gestation presented for inguinal hernia repair, simultaneously. They were undergone bilateral inguinal hernia repair with single shot awake caudal anaesthesia.

Umbilical granuloma is the most common umbilical disorders among the infants. To date, various therapeutic methods have been proposed to treat umbilical granuloma. This study aimed to compare the clinical results of salt therapy with surgery in the treatment of umbilical granuloma in infants.
In a clinical trial study, 50 infants with umbilical granuloma referred to the Children Educational-Medical Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected and randomly allocated into two groups. In the first group, 25 patients were treated with sterile salt, and in the second group; 25 patients underwent surgery using electrocauterization. Patients followed up for three months, and the cure rate, relapse rate, and side effects of each method were evaluated.
Results showed that cure rate in the salt therapy group was 96.0%. This was 100% in the surgery group, though. There was no statistically significant difference between two study group in the cure rate (p=1.000). No relapse or side effects of umbilical granuloma were seen in both study groups.
Based on the findings of the present study, salt therapy is a safe and effective method in the treatment of umbilical granuloma which can be an alternative to surgical methods in this regard.

Scientific progress is one of the main parts of development in any country. One of the means of assessing it is the number of scientific papers which are published in internationally approved journals. In this article we will compare scientific production in the field of pediatric surgery between Iran and three other Asian countries: Turkey, India and Pakistan during 25 years.

Mild anteriordisplacement of the anus may be a cause of constipation, for detection of the anterior anus, the mean anal position index is used, in this study an other modality is introduced.
In this prospective study, the patients with intractable constipation with onset bellow one year of age, normal rectal manometry, normal rectal biopsy and abnormal shape of anal verge, were include in the study and the location of the anus was checked by muscle stimulator and according to the severity of the anteriority mini anorectoplasty or simpleY-V transposition of the anus was done.
ten patients studied, all were female, mean age was 7 months, in 2 cases anorectoplasty and in the others Y-V anoplastywas done. All patients ultimately were cured.
using muscle stimulator in external sphincter is relaiable for detection of anterior displacement of the anus. Anorectoplasty or Y-V anoplasty for resolving constipation in these patients are effective.

Although abscess drainage with radiologic guide has been successful method for treatment of appendicular abscess after surgery, aspiration technique could be used as a good option in children with intra-abdominal abscess. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness, safety and clinical outcome of percutaneous abscess drainage versus aspiration in pediatric patients with post-appendectomy abscess formation.
this randomized control trail was conducted under the supervision of Mashhad University of medical sciences. Children were enrolled the study with suspension for post-appendectomy abscess formation. Patients were divided into two groups (drainage or aspiration) with simple sampling method. Demographic characteristics and clinical outcome were compared between groups. Data was entered SPSS version 16 and analyzed.
50 children with post-appendectomy abscess were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 10.4 ± 4.1 year (range from 5 to 19 yrs). Drainage was succeed in 88% of patients and the succeed rate in aspiration group was 96% and this difference was not significant statistically (p=0.609). Hospital stay duration was longer in drainage group in comparison with aspiration (2.8 ± 0.55 vs. 2.1 ± 0.47, p-value effectiveness, safety and clinical outcome of percutaneous abscess drainage and aspiration were same in pediatric patients with smaller than 5 cm post-appendectomy abscess. Due to lower cost and parental satisfaction, aspiration would be a good choice in children with small post-appendectomy abscess.

A wide spectrum of pathologies can cause thoracotomy in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of causes of thoracotomy in Amirkola Children's Hospital.
This cross sectional study was done on all patients that underwent thoracotomy in Amirkola Children's Hospital. All information was obtained from the patient medical records that underwent thoracotomy between 2001- 2016. The causes of thoracotomy were considered.
Esophageal atresia type C with 37 cases (61.7%) was the most common cause of thoracotomy among children. In the study of associated diseases, 5 cases (8.3%) of patients were suffered from Imperforate Anus. 44 cases (%88) of infants and only 6 cases (%12) of non-infants had congenital anomalies, and all 4 patients (100%) of non-infants had mediastinal masses. Five cases (83.3%) of non-infants and only one case (16.7%) of infants underwent thoracotomy because of infectious disease (p Based on the results of this study, esophageal atresia type C is the most common cause of thoracotomy in infants. Additionally, congenital anomalies in infants and the mediastinal mass and infectious disease were more common in children.

Umbilical hernia is a common condition in infants and children. The true incidence is unknown because many umbilical hernias resolve spontaneously. Historically, incarceration is considered rare (1-2); however, it seems to occur more frequently than it is generally believed. Most of the literature related to incarceration comes from African countries, where the black community predominates, and umbilical hernias are up to 10 times more common than in whites. It seems that the trend is increasing as well inFrance andEngland, where most of the population is white. We also observed the same tendency inIran.
a retrospective analysis was performed of the hernias at our institution over an eight month period. The patients presented at our institution over a period of eight months, from March 21st to October 20th 2006.
15 children with umbilical hernias were seen in the hospital over the period. 4 patients had incarceration (26%). There were 3 girls (75%) and 1 boy (25%). Three infants and one teenager. Mean age of the infants: 13 months. The teenager was 18 years old and was affected of cirrhosis without ascites. Incarceration occurred in hernias of more than 1.5 cm in diameter. Two patients underwent manual reduction and the hernia was repaired the following morning, after proving the absence of peritoneal signs. The other two patients were operated the same day the symptoms began, as the hernia was irreducible. All patients underwent repair of the umbilical hernia using standard methods. We did not need to perform intestinal resection in any of our patients; however omental resection was done in one of them. All patients had an uneventful post-operative course and there was no mortality.
Conclusion; incarcerated umbilical hernia is not as uncommon as thought. Therefore, a more active therapeutic approach is recommended even in smaller hernias, from more then an aesthetic point of view.

The acronym VACTERL refers to a set of associated anomalies that should be readily apparent upon physical examination. We found a case of VACTERL association with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Case peresentation: A six-weeks-old male infant refered with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis that he had history Esophagal atresia, Imperforat anus, and Cardiac anomalies. This case shows hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and VACTERL' anomalies.

Nonpigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare proliferative and benign disorder involving synovium. It is mostly seen in the knee. We present a 13-year old girl with a history of left wrist mass for 2 years without any pain, tenderness and problem in movement. We believe it is necessary to considere villonodular synovitis in a child with chronic joint effusion as a differential diagnosis.