فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 28، بهار 1397)

Financial institutions are among the most important functions of urban economics that underlie the competition between urban and inner-city neighborhoods across the city provides. Hence, Identify the spatial distribution of facilities and adhere to a balanced distribution of these facilities is essential. This is influenced by several factors. Spatial data models and tools that are designed in geographic information systems can identify and measure the spatial distribution of financial institutions and credit and to determine the factors influencing the spatial distribution of this facility are used. This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of financial institutions and credit in Ardabil and to assess the relationship between population density and the distribution of financial centers in the city and to identify factors influencing the spatial distribution of these facilities is done. To measure the spatial distribution of financial institutions and credit nearest neighbor models, the standard deviation curves and clustering high and low, in order to examine the spatial correlation between population density and the number of financial centers index and for modeling the factors affecting the distribution of bivariate Moran These facilities spatial regression model and ordinary least squares and geographical weight regression(GWR) is used. The results of the research findings show that financial institutions and credit Ardabil to cluster in north and south direction the city has established. Between the population and the number of financial centers in each area as well as spatial autocorrelation, there was a weak positive, indicating little attention to this factor is the positioning of financial institutions and credit. Also geographical weighted regression model with determination coefficient of 0.88 and adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.84 indicating influence of independent variables in the spatial distribution of financial and credit institutions.

Most environmental issues are rooted in human's wrong behaviors. Among the factors influencing these behaviors, are low awareness level and environmental literacy, followed by environmental instability and degradation. In the meantime, investigating and analyzing the environmental behavior and awareness among rural community is of great importance, having known as the community with the most connection with its surroundings. Therefore, the current descriptive survey, being done with the aim of studying and analyzing the environmental behavior and awareness of villagers in Zangalanlou rural district. Research methodology was descriptive-analytical, based on documentary studies and field data. According to the sampling, made by cochran method with 0.07 erorr in this study, 140 sample families were selected among the villagers of Zangelanloo rural districts, then, the required information were gathered through the researcher-made questionnaire. Also, the total Reliability was obtained 0/8 for research, and its validity was approved by experts and professors of university. According to the findings, the average of most research indicators, except for three indicators of awareness of the benefits of using clean energy, awareness of the harms of agricultural pesticides and product packaging, were obtained above average (based on the Likert five-item scale). Also, the correlation between research variables (level of education, and villager's participation rate in environmental educational courses), proves a positive and significant relationship. Then, using Pearson Correlation Test, the relationship between the level of environmental awareness and environmental behavior was analyzed. the results indicated a meaningful relationship between these two variables. Also, according to prioritizing the Indicators and villages in VIKOR model, it was found that Zanglanloo village enjoyed higher environmental bahavior and awareness, comparred to the other villages, and Kalateh Toot village was placed in the lowest class of VIKOR model, based on the level of environmental bahavior and awareness.

Daily commutings are one of the most important consequences of spatial mismatches between residential and work places. due to the economic, social and environmental impacts in urban regional scales, this phenomenon has attracted researchers, planners and policymakers in recent years. The main objective of this study is to provide a general overview of daily commutings in urban areas of Iran, and identifying the centers of urban floating population stablishment. Our data are the results of the General Census of population and housing in 2011, while the research method is descriptive-analytical and exploratory. Results of the research show that a significant portion (%9.05) of the urban working population is displaced daily between urban settlements. However, the spatial distribution of the urban floating population is very heterogeneous. The main focal centers of the floating population are placed in the metropolitan regions such as Tehran and Isfahan metropolitan regions. Indeed, the transition from a metropolitan city to metropolitan region, has led the urban-dwelled labor market, to expand its spatial scope into a regional labor market, resulting in a significant amount of daily home-to-workplace commutings in long distances. In spite of the evolution of the spatial structure of Iranian metropolitan cities and the formation of metropolitan regions, the dominant daily commutings pattern –due to the prevailed monocentric model- be from suburbs to central cities. However, there are also signs of commuting across the suburbs, or from central cities to the sunurbs.

Land use mapping using remote-sensing data is one of the newest and most widely used methods for the provision of land use map, and making a comparison between the existent usages. The aim of this study therefore, is checking the trend of urban land cover, based on Landsat satellite images of ETM and OIL/TIRSS 8, between 2003-2016. To this purpose, after the separation of Sharekord City's boundaries, and providing the training samples, the land use map, using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood, was drawn. Based on training samples, the accuracy of extracted maps was checked, using Error Matrix. Finally, the land's area of 2003 and 2016 were compared. Then, we reached the adaptation map of two classified image, using the difference of these two images. Then using the adaptation matrix, the amount of changes between the evaluated years was determined. The Kappa coefficient for land use in 2003 and 2016 was 82% and 93% respectively. Results shows that the urban areas have been raised to 1632 hectares in 2003, and to 2220 hectares in 2016. Whereas, the amount of green space has increased to 577 hectares in 2003, and to 664 hectares in 2016. Results also shows that the amount of urban area in 2016 has been increased by 13%, in comparison to 2003, while the green space area increase was 11.6%. Finally, the amount of change in urban area -using CA-Markov Model- was predicted to be increased by 6.01% in 2026 (the next 10 years). Therefore, the urban development planning requires the green space development, to be in accordance with urban expansion through this city.

Villagers are always faced with a lot of problems selling their products. Especially in Iran, the continuation of this process has not only not improved at the current time, but with the widespread Social-Economical changes in the periphery system, situations can be described more inappropriate. One of these solutions is the creation of online storesto Supply various rural products. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze of the use of online storesto supply rural products. The research method is descriptive-analytical and quantitative-qualitative. The statistical population of the research is also experts, PhD students and university professors related to rural planning issues. Due to lack of accurate statistic on their number and research framework, 70 people were sampled in the qualitative section to do interviews and 200 persons were also surveyed in the quantitative section to complete the questionnaire. The results of this research indicate that the creation of Internet storeshas various effects to Supply of rural products, such as easy access, the development of market, Reducing the position of intermediaries, Increasing economic Efficiency, Strengthening rural and agricultural industries, Production competition, Internationalization and branding of products and the creation of Job.It also shows the effect of creating stores on product supply through structural equation modeling that The value of the total effect was 0.69.This means that creating online stores will be effective in supplying rural products and it is a desirable solution.