مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 479 (هفته سوم تیر 1397)

Substance abuse in adolescence could affect this period of life, as well as individual rest life. In this research, we studied the attitude of high-school student towards drug abuse, and the effect of some social determinants of heath associated with it.
3223 high-school students residing Isfahan Province, Iran, in 2015 were included in the study. Data were collected using the researcher-made questionnaire of assessment of knowledge, attitude, and action of urban and rural high-school students in Isfahan Province.
Findings: In students’ opinion, momentary tipsiness and depression were the side-effects of drug abuse. Divorce of parents, and seeking pleasure were the most important factors associated with inclination to drugs albeit scored higher by girls. Moreover, girls expressed inability in dealing with daily difficulties as a factor in tendency to drug abuse. Whereas, boys claimed that factors such as too free time, and inadequate recreational facilities were more important. Among social determinants of health, education level of parents, father’s job, and residential area had significant effects on tendency to drug abuse.
Besides preventive and educational policies, policy makers and parents should pay attention to improving their children’s self-esteem and self-management abilities, and provide homes as favorable and welcome places for them.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of saffron (Crocus speciosus) supplementation following high-intensity exercise training on serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin in patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).
This was an applied quasi-experimental study. Participants were 40 patients who had been under surgery at least one month before this study; after screening, they were selected and randomly assigned to 3 groups. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) group in each session performed two 10-minute sets (15 seconds of activity with 100% peak power, and 15 seconds of inactive breaks and 4 minutes of rest between two 10-minute intervals), and the supplementary training group digested a daily 300-mg of saffron supplement behind training like the high-intensity interval training group. Vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin were checked before and after training and supplement intervention. ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test were used to identify any diffrence. All statistical analyzes were performed at significance level of P Findings: Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and lef ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased, and endostatin decreased in both training and supplementary training groups comparing to controls (P In this study, it was found that high-intensity interval training with increase in endothelial growth factor, and reduction in serum level of endostatin, is effective in improving angiogenesis, and suppressing angiogenesis inhibitors in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Poisoning is one of the serious underlying causes of loss of consciousness. Due to the relative lack of preserving factors of respiratory tract, risk of aspiration pneumonia would be increased. We evaluated factors associated with aspiration pneumonia in patients admitted with acute drug intoxication.
A retrospective cohort randomized study conducted on 206 patients admitted at clinical toxicology department. Based on the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia, patients were divided into two groups of with and without aspiration pneumonia. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed for aspiration pneumonia prediction factors.
Findings: Age, gender, ingested toxin, vital sign, the level of consciousness on admission, gastric lavage, past history of smoking and pulmonary disease, seizure, vomiting, endotracheal intubation, and length of hospital stay were significantly different in patients with and without aspiration pneumonia (P Seizure, age, male gender, pulse rate, vomiting, and endotracheal intubation should be considered as important factors in predicting aspiration pneumonia when managing poisoning cases.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common neuropathies in the upper extremity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of duloxetine in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.
This pilot study was done as a clinical trial on 24 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome in two groups of duloxetine and control. Patients in both group received routine treatment during study period. In week 3, patients in duloxetine group received duloxetine capsules for one month. Pain score, symptom severity scale (SSS), functional status scale (FSS), and carpal tunnel syndrome severity score and adverse effects as the main study outcomes were measures and compared at baseline, end of week 6, and end of week 12.
Findings: The mean pain score at the end of weeks 6 and 12 was significantly lower in duloxetine group compared to control group (P 0.050). Decreasing trend of functional status scale in control patients was higher than duloxetine group during study period (P = 0.028). At the end of week 12, functional status scale in control was lower than duloxetine group (P = 0.010). At the end of study, the carpal tunnel syndrome severity score was significantly lower in duloxetine group compared to control group (P = 0.012).
Adding duloxetine to routine treatment in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome can be effective to decrease pain severity, and improve patient’s function; although, more investigations are necessary due to small sample size of the present study.

The ultrasound parameters such as intensity and time of radiation play an important role in cellular degradation. In this study, the effect of ultrasound radiation parameters on the degradation of 4T1 cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles was investigated.
The 4T1 cells were cultured. The cells were divided into 4 groups including control, gold nanoparticle, ultrasound alone, and ultrasound at the presence of gold nanoparticle. Ultrasound irradiation were performed on the cells at intensity of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/cm2, for 1, 1.5, and 2 minutes. The viability of cells was determined using MTT assay.
Findings: There was a significant difference in cell viability between the ultrasound and gold nanoparticle group and the other groups at intensity of 1.0 and 1.5 W/cm2. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the ultrasound alone and the control groups at intensity of 1.0 and 1.5 W/cm2.
Using ultrasound in the presence of gold nanoparticles increase cell death via increasing nuclei cavitation phenomenon.