نشریه معماری و شهرسازی پایدار
سال سوم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate the efficiency of bus lines in the city of Ardabil is the application of the DEA. In applied research, the indicators proposed in the application of DEA as well in the form of input factors (the number of bus stops, bus number in sweep rate, distance and length of each the bus line) and output (average movement per line). As can be seen from the results, have located the lines 1, 3, 12 and 23 with a weight of 1.000 in the first place to measure the efficiency of urban and suburban lines. The mentioned lines, city lines Ardabil efficient in terms of relative comparison between the urban and suburban lines hold. In between urban and suburban bus lines in Ardebil, is evaluated the line 12 to 20 times actual reference for inefficient lines of Ardabil, the dominant pattern of inefficient lines. Therefore, According to understand values of obtained from the research and the nature of research output indicators (output indicators (passengers) with its increase Cause improve the lines efficiency), can change and add the path checkout to new design of the lanes for equip the all areas and main block to learn citizens access to public transport. In this regard, in terms of research, it is proposed that will be survey to measure the satisfaction level of residents in access to these services that vision citizens reveal towards the player and access to public transport (bus).

West is located in Mazandaran Tonekabon city that enjoys the diverse nature. One of the major attractions of the city, it is God-given nature that provides the tourism field. Ecotourism development management strategies given that the region is the largest natural urban and tourist centers can be used for planners is important. Therefore, the present study first, after mentioning some general points about the study of geographical topics were discussed around the city Tonkabon. And then a variety of natural tourist attractions were mentioned city. Finally, according to the questionnaires that were completed through tourism And also based on the information in the field as well as witness accounts and interviews with tourists, indigenous people, officials and administrators were collected and urban tourist facilities, Were applied to the analysis of research data, SPSS software was used in this work. Basic and applied research and library method and field operations and method of reasoning is used. As such, these results were obtained that the characteristics of the ecotourism area, on the other hand, Tonkabon people and culture as well as tourism infrastructure in the city is Tonkabon of attracting tourists. In addition, there are obstacles and problems in the development of ecotourism in Tonkabon the obstacles, solutions and services has been identified during the research.

The City Development Strategy (CDS), with the aim of poverty reduction, sustainable development and promote partnerships and urban governance is one of the solutions to today of the problems of urbanization .This process is involves of analyzing the aspirations of the economic and social development and poverty reduction, Determine priorities for investment and support the development The city of Qom is an most immigration city in recent decades with 94 percent of the urban population is including eight large metropolitan country that is make essential formulation of these programs. This study that was done with an analytical method based on analytical review of theoretical texts, The status of city of Qom were analyzed in terms of development strategy adopted by the SOWT model. In order to achieve the objectives of this study was done with using Delphi and SWOT questionnaire for collect the views of 10 experts. The samples was elected by simple randomization method among experts Management and Planning Organization, experts of County Administrative and the Municipality of Qom. The final results was indicate the aggressive approach (strategy a maximum of the maximum, so) urban authorities. In this way that relied on the strengths of the opportunities available in the city of Qom accomplished a maximum of utilization. According to the findings also offer prospects for the future have also been plotted in Qom that necessary of Attention on the religious situation as well as the geographical location of the city of Qom is highlighted at the regional level.

Today the creation of sustainable and habitable neighborhoods has become one of the requirements of planning and management in cities (and especially metropolises). Places have a great influence on the quality of life of their inhabitants. In creating a permanent neighborhoods, several factors has infuoence such as economic, physical, cultural factors.In this regard, urban land use (especially commercial use due to the nature of daily activities) is considered as one of the main factors in the neighborhood system, which, on the one hand, guarantees vitality, dynamism and access, and on the other hand, it can have bad effect such as increase the magnitude of traffic congestion and etc... This paper tries to investigate the relationship between the role of distribiution commercial use and the sustainability of urban neighborhoods in order to determine the direction of land use planning on the scale of urban neighborhoods. In this regard, the neighborhood of Darous is considered as one of the neighborhoods of the 3rd district of Tehran. One-sample T-test was used to measure the level of neighborhood sustainability.Since the ultimate goal of this research is to determine the extent of the impact of distribiution of commercial use on neighborhood sustainability, so has been used of regression analysis.The results showed that the neighborhood sustainability indicators of the Darous are at an appropriate level, and commercial use at the neighborhood level, have enhanced increasing resident's access to shopping centers, vitality and social monitoring, neighborhood security and led to the sustainability of Darous residential neighborhoods.

Based on structural semiotics, this article is an interdisciplinary, comparative and qualitative research on the sign system in different types of sustainable “Urban Advertising” to find appropriate system for expressing the meaning of sustained city in a descriptive-analytical way. Sustainable graphic design indicators follow many targets such as healthy environment, healthy life, higher quality of life and higher political level, and human rights and natural resources. Structural approach in Semiotics in subject involves the meaning structure lies behind the sign systems. From a structural view, the meaning in artwork, as far as carries an expressive system is produced from its sign system defined structure.
Today, as an expressive-aesthetics and a message-oriented medium, “Urban Advertising” is contained by the most important part of environmental graphic design. Meanwhile on the other side, phenomenon of environmental graphics dominates the landscape of modern town. Thus it could be said that today the dominate view of the modern city is made of advertising. Outdoor advertising is a performer medium in public places which unveils different commercial, cultural, social and even political concepts in pictorial signs within the determined aesthetic principles. The main goal here is creating variety and beauty in order to support a communication of meanings in a fast, clear, correct way. Outdoor advertising includes various instrumental as well as structural forms which express different meanings by their meaning system. These meanings could be used to express the meaning of sustained city and sustainable development.

when issues of sustainable development were raised, different scales have been introduced for executing them in city. Although many definitions of sustainable development have been given in large scales, its concept has not been certainly classified in local scale while urban communities have been very important and their strengths and weaknesses can be communicated to the entire city in different dimensions and can affect its efficiency. The question is raised here why the modern communities are not necessarily efficient and life quality has decreased in them though dimensions of the issues are completely evident in urban communities and one can find suitable solution for any deficiency.
Today in most developing countries there are many developments in the old urban texture and their replacement with new texture which contain lots of problems. So that when a comparison between the new textures is done with the older community, more problems will be found. The purpose of this paper is to explore the properties of these older Communities in terms of physical aspects. The hypothesis of this paper is that the physical characteristics of local-traditional Communities in the hot and arid climate of Iran have some principles that will lead to sustainability. In order to prove this hypothesis, the surveys have been used in areas of the desert cities. The paper finally reaches the conclusion that the local-traditional Communities in the hot and arid climate of Iran follow the sustainability criteria in terms of physical aspects.