Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects
Volume:12 Issue: 2, Spring 2018

This study sought to assess the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser power on the surface roughness of lased radicular dentin using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Fifteen human radicular dentin samples were randomly divided into five groups: one control (G1, intact) and four experimental groups treated with 0.25W (G2), 0.5W (G3), 0.75W (G4) and 1W (G5) powers of Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2.78µm) at a repetition rate of 20 Hz, with a 600-µm-diameter sapphire tip. After irradiation, surface topography was analyzed by AFM using a Si probe in tapping mode. Quantitative information concerning the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) and quadratic mean roughness (Rq) was obtained from three 5×5µm areas of each sample. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (P The Ra and Rq values increased in G2 and G5 and decreased in G3 and G4 groups compared to the control group. The maximum Ra and Rq values were noted in G5, which were significantly higher than the corresponding values in G3 (P No direct correlation was found between Er,Cr:YSGG laser power and surface roughness of lased radicular dentin. Laser therapy with a mean power of 0.5W and 1W caused the lowest and highest surface roughness, respectively.

More than 90% of oral cancers are cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Standard treatment of cancer includes a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Each of these treatments, however, brings about certain problems and side effects. Today herbal medicine, has become a more preferable option in dealing with health problems or preventing them because this type of medicine has better compatibility with the body and does not cause undesirable side effects. In this study , the effect of Ferula persica plant methanol extraction on Cox-2 levels in SCC induced rat tongue is conducted in vivo.
In this lab research, 75 rats from SD race in the age – range of 2/5 – 3 months were selected and put in five groups. In order to induce tongue carcinoma, 4– Nitroquinoline 1 (4 NQO) powder was used 3 times a week for each rat. Furthermore, Ferula persica extract was given to each of the groups in order to examine Cox-2 changes in the blood.
Comparison of Cox-2 average in various groups resulted in the observation that there was significant difference between the Cox-2 levels in the groups which had only received carcinogen and the other groups. In this group, Cox-2 level was less and in the group that had received Ferula extract (500 mg) along with carcinogen , Cox-2 level was found to be more than other groups.
Ferula persica extract does not have reducing effect on serum Cox-2.

Successful anesthesia is a major concern in during pulpotomy treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block using 2% lidocaine and buccal infiltration using 4% articaine for pulpotomy of mandibular primary second molars.
This randomized cross-over clinical trial was performed in 23 children (five to eight-year-old) from July through November 2016, referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences who needed pulpotomy treatment in both mandibular primary second molars. The Patients’ feeling during injection and their behavior during pulpotomy and post-treatment complications were registered. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used for analyzing the data. A significant level of differences was taken as p≤ 0.05.
Patients’ feeling during injection and post-treatment complications did not significantly differ between two groups (p>0.05). Patients’ behavior during pulpotomy was significantly better in articaine group (p=0.004).
Articaine buccal infiltration can be used successfully in pulpotomy of mandibular primary second molars. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial: (IRCT2015042321484N2).

Maintaining primary teeth in the oral cavity is of prime importance, and grossly carious teeth may require pulp therapy for the same. Pain on injection and incomplete anesthesia causes failure of the procedure and result in fear and anxiety. Various methods have evolved to overcome this; such as distraction, topical anesthesia, etc. A few techniques regaining popularity in dentistry in recent times is the warming or buffering of the solution prior to administration. This study thus aimed to compare and evaluate the anesthetic efficacy and the patient’s pain reaction to pre-warmed, buffered and conventional 2% lignocaine for the success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in mandibular primary molars undergoing pulp therapy.
The study is a randomized, split-mouth trial. Sixty children between six -12 years, requiring pulp therapy bilaterally on mandibular primary molars, were administered conventional, buffered or pre-warmed 2% lignocaine on two separate appointments. Various parameters were assessed using objective and subjective scales.
Pre-warmed and buffered anesthetics had lesser pain on injection (p Buffering or pre-warming the anesthetic solution reduces pain on administration and during procedures in children.

The present study aimed to test the efficacy of novel reciprocating systems in terms of gutta-percha removal of roots obturated with warm vertical compaction technique.
Ninety straight rooted maxillary incisors were enlarged with hand files up to a # 50/02 apical size and obturated using warm vertical compaction technique. The specimens were divided into four groups according to system used for filling removal, as Reciproc Blue, Reciproc, WaveOne Gold and hand-instrumentation. The residual filling materials and time required for root canal removal were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests with 5% significance threshold.
There were no significant differences among Reciproc, Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold (P > 0.05). Hand-instrumentation group left significantly greater root canal filling material (P Efficacy of Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc instruments for root canal filling removal were similar and superior to hand-instrumentation.

Apical surgery (AS) is considered as the last attempt to save teeth which cannot be treated with conventional endodontic approach. The main goal of apical surgery is to create a barrier between the root-canal system and the peri-radicular tissues by means of a tight root-end filling after resection. However, failures in this treatment is usually result with tooth loss. In such cases surgical re-treatment would take into consideration as viable alternative. In this case series, successful ARs that performed in ten teeth of five patients who applied for extraction after an unsuccessful apical surgery, were presented. It is pointed that if appropriate surgical and endodontic intervention is performed and adequate apical obturation is provided with retrograde filling, teeth can be treat without extraction.

The use of trayless at-home bleaching agents in darker teeth is raising some concerns due to their unknown efficacy. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of tooth discolouration severity on the efficacy and colour stability of two different trayless at-home bleaching systems.
Ninety enamel-dentin samples were divided into two groups: lighter tand darker teeth. The teeth in each group were further divided into three groups (n=15): (1) tray-based system with 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence Oh) (control group); (2) a tray applied whitening membrane with 10% hydrogen peroxide (Treswhite Supreme); and (3) a whitening pen with 22% carbamide peroxide (Hollywood Smiles). After bleaching, the teeth were stained for 9 days using red wine. Colour readings before bleaching treatment were determined using a dental spectrophotometer and were repeated 24 h after bleaching treatment and 24 h after staining process. Analysis of variance, Bonferroni and Dunnett C tests were used at 5% significance level.
No differences were observed between the bleaching efficacy of Treswhite Supreme and Opalescence Oh in the lighter teeth, while Opalescence Oh had the best bleaching efficacy in the darker teeth (p This study suggested that both the tooth discolouration severity and the type of trayless system used affected the bleaching efficacy, whereas only the type of trayless system affected the color stability.

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of G-Bond and Z-PRIME Plus on the bond strength between prefabricated zirconia posts and the canal wall.
Material and The study was carried out on 21 premolar teeth with similar conditions. The collected samples were cut at the CEJ. After root canal treatment of the roots, the post space was prepared with a length of 10mm. The samples were randomly allocated into two groups of 10. G-bond was used in one group and Z-PRIME plus in the other to prepare the posts’ surface. After cementation and mounting the samples in polyester, the post was cut from the apical area into three equal sections. The bond strength of the samples was tested using the push out on a universal testing machine. The acquired data was analyzed using the T-Test.
The average for the control group was 14.3N, the G-bond group had an average of 27.6±11.8N and the Z-PRIME plus group’s average was 27.4±13.4N. There is no statistically significant relationship between the two groups (P There is no statistically significant relationship between the G-bond and Z-prime plus groups and both products increase the bond strength of prefabricated zirconia posts.

Implants provide support, stability and retention for restorations used in fully and partially edentulous patients. This clinical report describes prosthetic treatment of a 30-year-old man suffering from a dentoalveolar deficiency due to an old gunshot trauma to the left side of the mandible. The patient was rehabilitated with implant-supported Toronto prosthesis following surgical placement of three implants with undesirable location and angulations due to lack of sufficient bone. This prosthetic option offers advantages of both screw-retained and cement-retained prostheses and provides acceptable aesthetic and functional results.

the aim of the study was to describe the step-by-step of clinical cases using prefabricated composite resin veneers (PCRVs), manufactured with the composite Brilliant New Generation (Coltene, Altstätten, Switzerland). Direct composite veneers presented some drawback as the difficult of execution and color instability of the composite over the time. The simplified application of the PCRVs presented as an interesting alternative in cases of smile asymmetry, large deficient restorations and discolored tooth. In the present investigation, the complete description of the PCRVs technique can help the dentist during the planning and execution of treatments with the Componeer system.
the treatment with Componeer Brilliant NG showed excellent aesthetic results. PCRVs technique is simpler than direct composite veneers. The specific characteristics of the system can promote results with greater aesthetic longevity. It is important to highlight that this procedure does not replace the already established veneer technique with dental ceramics. Clinical implication: PCRVs presented an excellent surface gloss. Their dimensions based on the golden ratio facilitate the technique and turns as an excellent alternative in the aesthetic restorative treatment in the anterior region.

Direct composite veneers have gained an important role in dental clinical applications following recently developed materials and techniques in adhesive and restorative dentistry. Direct application on prepared tooth surfaces or even without any preparation, with an adhesive agent and a composite resin material in a single visit is the main procedure as well as the advantage of these restorations. The main aim of this direct procedure is to create minimally invasive and long lasting restorations. As the dental materials and techniques develop, the clinicians also had the chance to mimic the natural dental tissues to create very natural alike restorations in a single appointment. But like all the other dental procedures, direct composite veneers have some indications and contra-indications. These musts have to be understood very well by the clinician before the treatment planning. But this way direct composite veneers would no longer named as 'day savior filling's and called as minimally invasive, functional and long lasting 'direct aesthetic restoration's that perfectly emulate the natural dental tissues. This article discusses the necessities of direct composite veneers for the ultimate success and illustrates how to perform a minimally invasive, long lasting, functional and natural alike smile makeover with these restorations in a single visit.