نشریه پژوهش ملل
پیاپی 30 (خرداد 1397)

Copyright is a new issue in law which has changed a lot along with economic, industrial and cultural developments of human community. The term “copyright” is generally mentioned about the most important actions done related to literary and artistic works. A great deal of international cooperation has been done about copyright among the countries. One of the organizations active in this field is the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). On the other hand some issues emerge in the field of world trade which are connected to intellectual property and involve the organizations related to this category such as World Trade Organization (WTO). In this paper the concept and history of intellectual property law and especially copyright has been explained. Rules and regulations being developed among the countries to support copyright in WIPO and WTO and the relationship between these two organizations have been reviewed. WIPO and WTO are two originations that have a great role to support copyright in international arena. WTO due to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) which is the most important agreement of this organization and also WIPO due to management and implementation of several treaties such as Bern Convention, have done a great deal to support copyright. In this paper, rules and regulations of copyright in these two international organizations have been reviewed through descriptive-analytical methods. The purpose of present thesis is to know more about the rules and regulations to support copyright in WIPO and WTO and also the effects and results of this support.

One of the new issues that along with the transformation and technological advancement it has been created in the field information technology and communications, the issue of determining the competent judicial authority for cyber space is create a new virtual world in the name of prosecution of crimes committed in the space above. Based on traditional rules the most important criterion determining the jurisdiction of the criminal justice authorities, the location of the crime and in the new cyber space a virtual space and free charge place not applicable such a criterion or is it requires special modifications. In this regard some have tried the same traditional rules overseeing the criminal jurisdiction of the judicial authorities with a new attitude run in this space and some others with the design of new theories in terms of qualifications, such as "cyberspace as an international open space" or special court prediction in the name of "digital or cyber court" or have raised eligibility "the court has a logical connection to crime." Iran country in the computer penal code in article 82 has adopted the first theory that is, the implementation of the traditional rules with a new attitude. In this article tried to each of the proposed theories review and review in this field and finally be presented an integrated criterion with that explanation that as far as be enforceable traditional rules are implemented same rules and in the other way competency theory logical with crime accepted as the final criterion.

Over the past decade, under the pretext of nuclear activities, it is laid down multilateral international sanctions and unilaterally broad against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Closing financial and monetary bottlenecks between the central bank and other banks and foreign financial institutions of Iran blocking lots of country oil revenues and cut most of the Iran's oil exports the cause is sharp decline in economic growth. Agree on the deal and country entry to the international community, had along new opportunities and important implications for the parties. current study paid exercise effect and nuclear talks on the economic prosperity of the Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the state of the economy of the country in different dimensions including economic growth, foreign investment, oil sale and energy and... with the era ahead of time has been analyzed. The main question of the research is this Barjam had what impact on the economy of Iran? From the perspective of the researcher the agreement is real a milestone in politics and foreign relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran which has brought opportunities and openings in the economy of the country. but yet there are many obstacles in the exchange of Iranian economy with the international economy which requires more time.

For a long time, there was not definition of concept crimes against humanity until statute of the international criminal court in article 7 itself by citing the examples of this crime, filled up take this vacuum. Crime against humanity behavior that it involves severe violations of human rights or will it finally lead to it. This crime usually done organized manner and systematic. Article 7 of the statute of the international criminal court defines crimes against humanity as certain acts which is part of a systematic attack or widespread towards a civilian population committed knowing that attack. So, creating criminal responsibility in the case of committing an offense against humanity, needs to Proof of assassination, destruction slavery expulsion or forced departure rape, rape sexual slavery forced prostitution. These actions must be committed as part of a massive attack or systematically against any civilian population by a perpetrator knowing the existence of that attack and following a government policy or government oversight.

Peace have been the main assumption creation international relations. Establishment of the international relations office peace case and control of the war have been one of the main reasons for the discussion and theoretical controversies and practical in the world. Till now it has been created many theories in the direction creating peace and establishing global security in the field of international relations studies and in practical areas is established many organizations for the expansion of peace on the world stage. specially after World War II done many efforts in the field of global peace what about theoretical and what practical. Here there is a question that is international organizations had what effect in world peace and international security specially after the cold war? On this basis trying to in this research so using institutionalism approach to be paid to this issue.

Crime against humanity there is a crime against civilians that happens widely with government support or government affiliates. The most important feature of crimes against humanity that is designed by the government and other organizations that have access to political power; and they commit it as part of the government. According to the scope of crimes against humanity because of its general title one of the topics that in this field it seems ambiguous examples of this crime from the perspective international documents and express it in form is a rule of law. From one side check it out what crimes international criminal court is being investigated; poses discuss the inherent jurisdiction of the court and on the other hand the point of view of the case is to include the jurisdiction of the tribunal as a crime counted as crimes against humanity. Each of these crimes because in qualification international criminal court to be placed you must in total includes features which is either coming in the statute of the international criminal court or other documents. Besides that, no need in some examples has happened war crimes but also during peacetime can be realized these crimes. Finally, that in this article has been studied examples like: Tin and ammunition, Mass killing, Forced labor, Smuggling, Torture.

Political development is the right of nations, a process that belongs to the values of all nations and to create a balance unfulfilled to relieve pressure and problems will pay between different sections social and human life. So that includes the whole economic system, social and cultural and included fundamental changes in institutional structures, social, official and public opinion of the people and in many cases even it also overlooks habits and customs and people's opinions and as a transcendent concept, human achievement and the multidimensional phenomenon and by itself it counts a profession and because of that considered human achievement; in content and appearance, it has cultural coordinates which implies a regular transformation. Political development in the sense of having a political understanding and the right to public participation on social issues and the fate of sovereignty and recognition and current flow analysis and critique and advice to politicians and the rise of political thought as is customary almost providing more background for the presence of the people in various fields of society; such as the development of councils, enable parties and political populations, more political issues raised in the press and the media and increasing capacity and the effectiveness of a political system in resolving the conflicts of individual and collective interests with the combination of being popular which will lead to fundamental changes in a community.

Ancient history of humanity always tells of domination and natural domination and selfish people strong on weak people that has been the result creating a courageous culture. Of course in this regard religion too has always had a key role and at some time as a tool in the hands of the kings it has been used for its rule. About the history of Iranian law it does we are in the pre-Islamic era we are witnessing abundance but in the post-Islam era dictatorial regimes and domineering have used from religion to achieve desires and your aspiration which gradually we have gone toward in the rule of law, put rulers historically the turning point of this event happened at the time of constitutionalism that reflection religious governance it is clear in the constitutional constitution and after that in the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The present study is with the title check citizenship and cases of irresponsibility from the perspective of the universal declaration of human rights. Because in the definition of citizenship there is a dispute between jurists and everyone has looked at citizenship from a perspective and has caused this issue until we have the exact definition for citizenship and on the other hand, in international documents as well there is no definition for citizenship. The universal declaration of human rights an international document contains basic human rights issues that many of your countries required to comply with it. Of course execute some of the material of this notice in countries faced with exceptions. Important material of this leaflet been discuss citizenship and asylum that of course more discussed in international private law. In this regard previous research will pay descriptive-analytical method look at the issue of irresponsibility from the perspective of the universal declaration of human rights and evaluates it.

Chaos is a legal act which is done with the enthusiasm and it will dissolve the marriage. Imamieh jurisprudents Hanbali and Shafiyeh absolutely they know that they will end it. Jurisprudents Hanafi make an appointment relative to interlocutors, terminate but in relation to third parties, they consider the new selling. The vision of jurisprudents Maliki It is a new plea; but civil law he knows that he is over. It seems because of being overwhelmed which is pinnacle and the essence of the marriage, it is an excuse a marriage and an indeterminate contract. Contrary to the jurisprudence of Maliki and Hanafiyah from the point of view of the Imamieh jurisprudents, Shafiyeh and Hanbali, chaos does not create the right to spit. For some jurisprudents, on the basis of a new contract, there is no forbearance in the condition of increasing or decreasing the price in the chain based on the loyal nature of the story, make a deal it is not worthwhile. Based on the newness of the story, Im sorry or one of those two it is a stumbling block. Maliki jurisprudents and Hanafiyah they know right chaos and forging cucumbers in it; However, the Imam's jurisprudents Shafiyeh and Hanbali they believe upside down this post.