مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 138، اردیبهشت 1397)

Introdution: Bisphenol A (BPA) as an environmental pollutant has estrogenic effects and can induce oxidative stress in the testis tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of vitamin E (Vit E), as a strong antioxidant, on the adverse effect of BPA on adult rat testis tissue.
Male rats (220±15g) were divided into 4 groups (n=6/each): control, Bisphenol A (250 mg/kg/day), Bisphenol A Vit E (150 mg/kg/day) and Vit E and orally treated for 56 days. At the end of the treatment, the right testis was removed and after fixation, sectioning, tissue processing and staining with Heidenhain's Azan method was evaluated stereologically. The serum testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's test and the means were considered significantly different (P A significant decrease in the total volume of testis, volume and diameter of seminiferous tubule and its height of the germinal epithelium and thickness of the basement membrane, number of spermatids, spermatocyte and sertoli cells, Serum testosterone levels and a significant increase in the serum MDA level were found in the Bisphenol A group compared to the control group. The above parameters were compensated to the control level in the Bisphenol A Vit E group.
Vitamin E, as a strange antioxidant, could compensate many adverse the effects of Bisphenol A on the testis tissue, so it is suggested that it can be used as a potential supplement in case of BPA intoxication

Introdution: Obesity is a systemic disorder that disruption the regulation of the effective proteins; in fat metabolism (Desnurtin, FNDC5 it leads to resistance to insulin and Diabetes. The aim of this study was comparing the 6 weeks of high-intensity interval and continuous training with standard diet on desnutrin and FNDC5 genes expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and the quadriceps muscle tissue of obese male rats.
This study was fundamental, and its method was experimental. 40 Wistar rats were compared after 12 weeks of high-fat diet (n=30) and standard diet (n=10) in order to ensure obesity. Then, 30 obese rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: control (n=10), continuous training (n=10), and high-intensity interval training groups (n=10). Continues and high-intensity interval exercise trainings were conducted according to the principle of overload for 6 weeks and 6 sessions per week. Extraction and gene expression level desnutrin in subcutaneous adipose tissue, desnutrin, and FNDC5 in quadriceps muscle tissue was assessed using real time-PCR method. The one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test were used to compare inter group changes.
The study showed that the difference between high-intensity interval and continuous training on desnutrin gene expression subcutaneous adipose tissue was significant (P=0.011), but there was no significant difference in desnutrin (P=0.275) and FNDC5 genes expression (P=0.981) between them in the quadriceps muscle tissue.
For people who suffer from obesity, and for counteracting with the destructive effects of obesity on fat metabolism factors, including desnutrin and FNDC5, continuous training can be an effective method. However, for weight loss, high intensity interval training is the best method

One of the challenges that medical sciences has long been facing is to find the best therapeutic method for the damaged tissues. The main purpose of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is the development of biological implant or engineered tissues to repair, regenerate or replace the damaged tissue and maintain the organ function. At the moment, a lot of research has been done in the field of nanotechnology on the application of nanomaterials in medicine, because the surface of these nanomaterials increases with decreasing their size with change or increases in effect concommitantly. In recent decades, the production of medical textiles (Including nano fibers) has been provided good services to the regenerative medicine. In the field of biomedical applications, it is often necessary to combine biological and medical sciences with materials science and engineering. One of the most important application of tissue engineering is the usage of nanofiber matrix as scaffolds for the cell growth and proliferation. In this paper, various types of engineered scaffolds and their functions have been presented and evaluated.

Introdution: Chemical drugs against parasites are beneficial, but this method has some problems such as drug resistance, residue and unwanted side effects associated. Therefore, study on alternative therapies especially herbal compounds are research priorities. According to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic effects of Artemisia spp. extracts, this work aimed to study the effect of Artemisia specigera (AS) ethanol extract on digestive system parasitic worms in mice and immunosuppressive effect on infection.
The study was performed on 30 NMRI female mice were divided into five groups. Two control groups and three treatment groups that received Artemisia specigera ethanol extract with 0/2mg/ml, 2mg/ml and 20mg/ml concentrations. Administration of herbal extract has been performed at the first day and was continued every 12h for the next 6 days. The fecal pellets from each group were collected every day and EPG was counted by Lynn Clayton egg counting technique.
Our results indicated that Artemisia specigera ethanol extract had protective effects against parasitic worms in mice with 2 and 20 mg/ml concentration. So that, in the third treatment group the mean of egg counts that included eggs of Hymenolepis nana, Aspicularis tetrapetra and Syphacia obvelata was severely reduced at the last day of treatment. . In addition, the results showed that immunosuppression was effective on infection increase.
The effect of AS extract on parasitic worms’ infection was related to dose and period of use.

Introdution: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a period of high-intensity interval training on regulation signaling of factors involved in vascular changes following myocardial ischemia.
28 rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned into four groups of sham, ischemia, training, and training-ischemia in this study. Myocardial infarction was performed by closing descending coronary artery for 30 minutes. The training program on treadmill was performed for 40 minutes, 3 days a week, for 8 weeks. SPSS software (21) and one way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Also, Bonferron's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between groups.
The results showed a significant difference in expression level of HIF-1, AKT, VEGF, apelin, and apelin receptor between the 4 groups (p = 0.001). The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that expression level of VEGF, apelin, and apelin receptor in training-ischemia group was significantly increased compared to sham, ischemia and exercise training groups. The results also showed that there was no difference between interval training group and myocardial ischemia and sham groups (p > 0.05). High-intensity interval training during an ischemic intervention increased AKT expression level, but exercise training itself did not make this change (p > 0.05). HIF1-a expression level was significantly increased in ischemia group compared to sham and exercise training groups.
HIIT training improves signaling of the factors involved in vascular changes (molecular) and ultimately reduces myocardial infarction size (tissue) following myocardial ischemia.

Gestational diabetes induces developmental disorders in different parts of CNS and can change dimensions of the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord. Different species of ginseng have been used for many years to control diabetes. This study investigated effect of extract of Panax ginseng on histomorphometric changes on cerebrum and cerebellum in 14 days offsprings rat from diabetic mothers.
16 rats were divided into four groups: non-diabetic control, non-diabetic recipient of the extract, diabetic control and diabetic recipient of the extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in diabetic groups and all 4 groups became pregnant. During pregnancy, recipient of the extract groups received ginseng extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight every day. 14 days of normal delivery; offsprings were anesthetized. The cerebrum and cerebellum was removed by cutting the skull. After the using the techniques of histology, Thickness of gray matter, thickness of white matter, the number of cells in the gray matter in 1 mm2, the number of cells in white matter in 1 mm2, the ratio of gray matter to white matter (in cerebrum and cerebellum), molecular layer thickness of cerebrum in gray matter, purkinje cell thickness in gray matter in cerebellum were measured. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and ANOVA and Duncan statistical tests (P≤0.05).
A significant reduction was observed in thickness and cell count of gray matter of cerebrum and cell count of white matter of cerebellum in diabetic control group than non-diabetic groups (control and recipient of the extract groups) (P≤0.05). Also a significant reduction was observed in cell count of white matter of cerebrum in diabetic control group than other groups (non-diabetic control, non-diabetic recipient of the extract and diabetic recipient of the extract groups) (P≤0.05).
Extract of Panax ginseng can control hyperglycemia and reduce disorders on the cerebrum and cerebellum in offsprings of mothers with gestational diabetes by increasing insulin production, inhibition of insulin resistance, increasing β-cells stimulation and reduction of blood sugar. So this plant can be offered as a suitable option for making a medicine to combat gestational diabetes.

Introdution: In advanced radiotherapy techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the quality assurance (QA) is essential. This study aimed to compare the performance between GafchromicTM EBT3 film and Delta4® phantom (2D and 3D) in heterogeneous chest phantom using IMRT technique.
In this experimental study, two IMRT plans (A and B) were prepared for radiotherapy of heterogeneous chest phantom. EBT3 film and Delta4 were used for dose measurement in the phantom. The 95% global gamma index accepted by the criteria of 3.3% mm and the dose threshold 20% as the standard criteria were considered in this study. The gamma index of the film and Delta4 were acquired by the verisoft and Delta4 software, respectively.
The mean gamma index with standard criteria between treatment planning system (TPS) dose calculations and film measurements was 96.95%, while it was equal to 97.7% and 98.45% between TPS calculations and 2D and 3D Delta4 cases, respectively. The mean 3D gamma analysis of the Delta4 with the given standard criteria was 0.75% and 1.5% higher than their 2D gamma analysis of the Delta4 and film, respectively. The mean gamma index value of film and Delta4 according to the plan B at the standard criteria was 0.24% higher than plan A (97.7% vs 97.46%).
Both film and Delta4 showed acceptable standard gamma index for two plans implemented on the chest phantom using IMRT technique. So, according to the results of this study, it is concluded that in the centers where Delta4 is not available, EBT3 films with a simple heterogeneous phantom can be an alternative method.

Introdution: The aim of this study was to evaluate and benchmark EGSnrc code in the simulation of 18 MV photon beam produced by Siemens Oncor® linear accelerator.
This study was conducted in a comparative and simulation based on experience method. The Beamnrc code was used to model the accelerator head and generate phase space files. The phase space files were obtained with the following parameters: field size of 10×10 , the energy of 14 Mev up to 14.8 Mev, and Full Width at Hall of Maximun of 0.12 cm. The phase space files were then used as input to the Dosexyznrc code to do dosimetry in the homogeneous water phantom with 50×50×50 size. Then, the output of DOSXYZnrc code, 3ddose files were used to obtain depth-dose curves and dose profile curves. Finally, Simulations were compared with experimental data by using gamma index.
The energy tuning procedure have shown that the optimum energy and FWHM for the simulation model, were 14 Mev, 14.2 Mev , 14.4 Mev and 0.12 cm, respectively. The gamma index values, for depth-dose curves and dose-profile curve, were obtained less than 1.

In this study, Monte Carlo model of Oncor® linac treatment head was simulated and the results have shown that the optimum nominal energy and FWHM were 14 Mev, 14.2 Mev, 14.4 Mev and 0.12 cm, respectively.