نشریه مطالعات زبان و گویش های غرب ایران
سال پنجم شماره 19 (زمستان 1396)

This study is an attempt to investigate naming children over a period of 12 years, from 1998 to 2007 in Mahabad. For this purpose 4682 names for those born in mentioned years were collected from various schools in different levels and areas as required by statistical measures. At first, collected names were categorized into four identity groups and then, two of the groups (national and regional), were divided into several sub-categories according to semantic features and origin of the names. In order to collect data, various check lists were prepared by the researchers. Data were analyzed in each group as a whole and also according to gender by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. In descriptive statistics, Excel and SPSS were used and in inferential statistics, chi- square 2 was used for confirming or rejecting hypotheses. The results demonstrated that national identity group had the highest frequencies (1633 names) and religious identical group standing as the second (1333 names). Regional was the third (991 names) and the last group with the least frequencies (725) was transnational identity. The Study of changing tendency for naming via comparing names in two periods of time (74-79) and (80-85) had several conclusions. National and religious names, had a declining procedure while regional names and also transnational names (in female names) had an increasing procedure. Tendency toward choosing archaic names related to national or regional concept, indicated an increase in both genders.

The purpose of this article is the survey of raising vowel process and its rule conversion, in varieties of Persian language based on a Generative phonology framework. In this study, “12” varieties of Persian have been selected purposefully and their data were extracted from written sources such as articles, these and other written sources about these varieties. In each of these varieties, phonological rules were discovered and their rule conversion were mentioned in other tables. Then, in order to discover natural rule, we analyzed these rules based on the principles of generative phonology and criteria that Jensen (2004: 117) has proposed for the phonological analysis of the rules. In this article, 2 kinds of raising vowel and their rule conversion, the environment of these rules and the kinds of rule conversion are surveyed. Some of the results are: 1) the most natural rule isn’t necessarily the simplest rule, on the other hand the simplicity is the necessary condition for the rules to be natural but it isn’t efficient condition. 2) We can discover rule /a/ → [e] as the conversion rule of /e/ → [a] synchronically but diachronically and historically both rules are the same.

One of the most complex issues in conceptual metaphor theory is the nature of time representation. As time is an exemplar of abstract concepts, investigating how to represent time in conceptual systems has led to some important problems in the cognitive theory. Conceptual metaphors have been realized in different form by poets at different ages. Certainly familiarity with their attitudes and perspectives will be effective in understanding the linguistic and cultural characteristics of each period. Hence, the researcher has selected Akhavan and Nasser-Khosrow who belong to two different centuries. Reviewing Akhavan’s The End of Shahnameh and From This Avesta and Nasser-Khosrow`s poetry, 160 conceptual metaphors related to time were extracted out of which 12 and 14 mappings were obtained respectively from Akhavan and Nasser-Khosrow. Investigating these mappings, we concluded that perspectives of these poets toward time are similar and different in some respects due to different experiences and the different contexts where they lived.

Using Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis approach, this study attempts to analyze Barjam (Joint ComprehensivePlan ofAction) representation in the journalistic texts belonging to rival discourses (reformists and fundamentalists) in order to reveal the hidden power and ideological structures. To this end, the relevant texts in Keyhan and Shargh newspapers published in July 2015 to January 2016) were collected. The two main questions of the study were: “how are the ideological differences in these newspapers represented?” and what kind of linguistic strategies do the rival discourses make use of?” The findings indicated that both the rival discourses made use of linguistic strategies such as collocations, sarcasm, and punctuation in order to destroy the other’s face. Although Keyhan mostly used quantity strategy, punctuation and quotation, Shargh newspaper tried to positively manifest Barjam and did not try to destroy its rival face.

The aim of the present paper is to analyze the negative and interrogative interpretations in the yes-no questions in Persian in terms of which verb is preposed and moved to the left periphery of the clause under the influence of discourse–functional processes. The data of the study is collected from the spoken form of Standard Persian and the theoretical framework of the research is based upon the checking theory within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 1995, 2000, 2001a-b) as well as the Split-CP Hypothesis (Rizzi, 1997). To this end, first the claim is made that the preposed verb in the positive and negative yes-no questions lands in the head of FocP. Following that, it is proposed that due to the inability of the overt movement of the negative verb to the head of the ForceP to satisfy the question interpretation, the [] on the verb moves alone to this head with an aim to check and value the [-Q] on the head of ForceP, leaving the [Neg] feature on the head of FocP. Such a mechanism guarantees that the [Neg] feature on the verb does not c-command the [] feature and helps avoid generating an unacceptable and incoherent reading.

The tradition of giving Good tiding in the Quran is the Almighty God’s absolute and inevitable tradition. In the pragmatic approach to the Quran, more than investigating words, their meanings and syntactic relations, the primary concern is the speaker and the audience, the conversations and their context. In explaining the context of realization of good tidings, the bringer of good tidings in the Quran is God who also mentions Angels, winds, and prophets as carriers of good tidings. In this study, , in addition to drawing the context of the speech act of good tiding, we intend to explain the necessary conditions for the realization of the speech act of good tiding and demonstrate how the speaker, that is, the Almighty God, the audience and other listeners contribute to understanding the context of conversations. The theoretical basis of this study is Austin’s and Searle's speech act theories. The research method employed is a descriptive analysis. The data examined included verses from some chapters including Nisa, A’araf, Asra, towbeh, Younos, Zomor, Anfal, Kahf and Fosillat where instances of good tidings are found.

This study uses the framework of social semiotics of images proposed by Kress and van Leeuwen. In their visual grammar, the terms representational, interactive, and compositional, correspond, respectively, to Halliday’s terms ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions. 20 images of the Farsi book of the grade one were analyzed within the framework of the social semiotics of Kress and van Leeuwen. Analysing the ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions, the pictures demonstate and convey the dominant Iranian cultural patterns to children. In the images of this book human participants are presented more than non-human ones. All the represented participants are the normal members of society busy with usual occupations and daily choirs. Represented things are simple, without luxury and far from the modern technology. This, in fact, decreases the realism of the images. Additionally, the analysis shows that gender stereotyping and bias are widely shown and conveyed in the pictures. That is, men and boys are shown in various occasions with higher frequency.