مجله مطالعات داستانی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 12، پاییز و زمستان 1394)

A literary movement started in the early decades of 19th century, realism still is possesses influence and credit in world literature and writing fiction. As a literary movement rejecting Romanticism, Realism demolished the principles of the theoretical structure of Romanticism. Balzac is the undisputed leader of this movement profoundly influencing the world of literature by publishing his collection of Human Comedy. Mahmood Dolatabadi is one the followers of this school in Iran. Based on the principles of Realism especially focusing on subject, description, and characterization, this article studies Jail from Dolatabadi's collection Edbar va Ayene through descriptive- analytic method to discover whether this story is realistic or not. This study claims that Dolatabadi has created a realistic story by presenting e realistic slice of social life, characters and their mutual relationships. Highlighting the interrelationship between phenomena, the novelist looks for the reason of his characters behavior in the social and economic situation of the period.Conforming to the norms of Realism, this story makes use of description, dialogue, action is served for characterization, developing the character of the protagonist, and setting. There is almost no irrelevant element in the story.

As a response to the social chaos of its time, modernism refers to a set of cultural and aesthetic changes in the area of arts and literature after the World War I. In this period, the artistic methods underwent fundamental changes. Accordingly, the authors have tried to address the defining characteristics of modernism in the fiction of Jabra. He is a committed contemporary Palestinian poet who has used the modern approaches to story-telling and the literary school of modernism to describe the bitter realities of war in his occupied land and the alienation of the Palestinian men from themselves and the world around them. The authors of this analytical-descriptive study have tried to answer the question how the modern literary developments have influenced the novels of Jabra. Having been influenced by the modernist trends, it was hypothesized that he was detached from the traditional methods of novel writing which led him to the creation of new different methods. The findings of this study showed that components such as polyphonic effects, non-linear timelines, stream of consciousness, and uncertainty were present in modern novels of Jabra.

One of the most important elements of the story is characters. Fictional characters created from the mind of the author and tissues of in the temporal fabric of real and the imaginary. The characters can be affected by the interaction of social structure and mental structure of the author. Dynamic characters are who evolve in the story and the growth and dynamics of the community. Characters in the story of cassava are a variety of factors such as cultural background and social relations, social capital, education and learning, belief in personal and social development, and e.t.c. In this paper is studied from the perspective of the evolution of characters Ghazaleh Alizadeh Simin Daneshvar and Ghazaleh Alizadeh. The results show that due to their social origin and lived experience of the author's fictional characters have similarities and differences. The two authors of the lower middle class and educated and oppressed have created the characters. The characters evolve through social relations, the experience of living and learning. Characters created by expediency and conservative Daneshvar slowly evolve, but the characters Alizadeh with internal transformation, revolutionary spirit and risk taking and social conditions change or they give up some of their social conditions.

Abbas Abdi (born 1331 AD), including contemporary writers of novels and short stories for children and adolescents. Swimmer novel, which was written for the age group of the first period and high moral effect is instructive. The use of narrative techniques has led to successful writers to create works that communicate with the audience is beneficial. In this study the story of the author and the reader.Using this technique as an indicator of the capabilities of the author. This study aimed at analyzing the use of narrative based on Gérard Genette structuralist theory (time, money or mood and tone) in the novel swimmer is done. Methods for was studied and the results showed that Abbas Abdi managed using a variety of narrative techniques in text, Than report events presenting the story alive, dynamic and exciting for teens achieve and it has more charm and richness of the novel. the novel.

Ahmad Mahmud contemporary novelist,in his works, tried to describe the conditions and relations between the individual and the society that is, describing the daily life of the ordinary people, their needs and concerns during the conditions in social system that have been incorporated in the form of a fictional narrative .This kind of narrative has placed His style amongst writers inclined to social realism. Mahmud’s tendency to realism, also the signs of social realism in his works is the reason for the study Mahmud stories. By advancing the question what characteristics put Mahmud’s writings under the style social realism, has been done the study. The main objective in this study has been to throw light upon the realistic atmosphere of Mahmud’s stories and his social realistic style With an emphasis on Analysis of three elements: theme, character & event .
In this research, By studying Library resources and Descriptive-analytic approach, has been to review of the Characteristic of social realism in the novels of “Hamsayeh-ha ”, “Dastan-e Yek Shahr”, “Zamin-e Sukhteh”,” Madar-e Sefr Darajeh” and short_story “Didar” which are the most prominent examples of Mahmud’s works in social realism, In conclusion It was found that he with special intelligence in choosing social subjects as motif in work, creating fictional characters as Types which are special samples of peoples in our ordinary life and putting his characters in believable events, has been able to create works of social realism style.

Joseph Campbell on Jung 's theories a single theory of myth and archetype of the Hero Archetypal criticism of the new proposed Campbell's theories within 17 dutifulness in the comparative analysis of the proposed model is fiction especially fairy tales and epic in which the hero for the process to achieve the target The basic question in this study is based on: What a fabulous lady Nezami fence with this model is adaptation? The document analysis - has been described The results indicate that meanwhile legend by winning its mission and achieve financial rewards achieves a kind of perfection dutifulness that matches the original is Campbell's archetypal hero's journey.Joseph Campbell on Jung 's theories a single theory of myth and archetype of the Hero Archetypal criticism of the new proposed Campbell's theories within 17 dutifulness in the comparative analysis of the proposed model is fiction especially fairy tales and epic in which the hero for the process to achieve the target The basic question in this study is based on: What a fabulous lady Nezami fence with this model is adaptation? The document analysis - has been described The results indicate that meanwhile legend by winning its mission and achieve financial rewards achieves a kind of perfection dutifulness that matches the original is Campbell's archetypal hero's journey.