نشریه پژوهش سلامت
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، زمستان 1396)

The idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity developed in three-dimensions that if untreated, can worsened to back pain, impaired vital capacity and psychosocial disturbances. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a course of corrective exercises on postural and biomechanical parameters in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
25 patient with idiopathic scoliosis participated for 10 weeks (three sessions per week) in the program of corrective exercises. In order to measuring the angle of scoliosis and the relative difference between inferior angle of the scapula and shoulders, posterior view photogrammetric method was used. Shapiro test was used to determine the normal distribution of data and T-Test to analyze between the results of before and after the test.
The results showed a significant decrease in the angle of lateral curvature of the spine (P=0.000), the markedly differences between the inferior angle of the scapula (P=0.001) and shoulders (P=0.035) after participation in the program of corrective exercises.
Proper corrective exercises can be effective in reducing the angle of lateral curvature of the spine and the inferior angle of the scapula and shoulders in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Psychological capital is a positive psychological state which included of four dimensions of self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. These dimensions together have a positive impact on individual performance and play as a strong defense against internal and external stressors. The purpose of this study was to compare the components of psychological capital (resilience, optimism, hope, and self-efficacy) beteen women doing yoga exercise and non-athletic women.
The research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this research consisted of women who did yoga and non-athletes women in the same area in 2016. Eighty-one non-athletes female and Eighty- five female who did yoga were selected by simple random sampling. The participants completed questionnaires of Hope (Snyder, 2005), resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003), self-efficacy (Scherer, 1981) and life orientation (Seligman, 2000). Data analyzed via multivariate analysis of variance.
The results showed that the difference between two components of psychological capital, the resiliency and self-efficacy in athlete women who did yoga and non-athletes women were significant, but the difference of optimism and hope between two groups was not significant.
This study showed the effects of yoga on self-efficacy and resilience. It is recommended to health psychologists that more focus on the positive effects of yoga on psychological capital.

The impact of environmental conditions on public and mental health, has been proven in several studies. Meanwhile, the role of furniture and the enjoyment of urban spaces has been particularly noted by the interest of urban planners and health policymakers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between statuses of urban furniture, the amount of urban space and examines mental health in a city.
The cross-sectional study carried out in the summer of 2015 among the population aged 15 and older in Sabzevar city. For this purpose and according to the population of the city, 372 people were selected by randomized sampling. The required data were collected using SLC-90 and a self-made questionnaire (for mental health and condition of the furniture and spaces, respectively) that their validity and reliability had been confirmed. The collected data were analyzed by correlation, and multivariate regression analysis using SPSS software.
The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between urban furniture status and utilization of urban spaces with mental health at the level of P The urban furniture plays an important role in explaining and predicting the mental health of the citizens. Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that the more citizens use urban spaces and the furniture in these spaces, the better and better fit, they will have a higher mental health.

The quality of life in families with disabled children is usually lower than normal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy on improving mental health, happiness and improving the quality of life of parents with disabled children.
The statistical population of this study was all parents with disabled children in Yasuj city in 2015 and the sample of this study was selected by simple random sampling. Thirty people were selected in each group of 15 patients. The experimental group participated in 10 courses of 90 min. Before and after treatment, both groups responded to the Oxford Happiness Scale questionnaire and a short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using covariance
The results of covariance analysis showed that factual education therapy had a significant effect on improving mental health and happiness and improving the quality of life of parents with disabled children (P≤0.05). Also, the results of the sub-assumptions of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the results of single-variable covariance analysis for all components of happiness and quality of life between the two groups (P It can be concluded that the reality of therapy has had an increasing effect on the quality of life and the happiness of parents. The results of this study can be helpful for family therapists, family clinical psychologists, welfare organizations, and the Association for the Protection of Disabled People.

For many years, the prevalence of performance-enhancer substances using among athletes is still growing despite many prohibitions, and it seems that psychological factors play a role in it. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare the performance enhancement attitude and muscularity in some athletes with and without the use of illegal substance in both forms of team and individual sports.
The statistical population of the present study was male athletes of some individual and team disciplines in Tehran city in 2016. In total of 335 athletes were selected based on available sampling at three levels of beginner, semi-skilled and skilled. Data were collected by two attitude questionnaires of improving performance and desire for muscularity, along with a supplement to the demographic questionnaire, by two groups of athletes with and without use of unauthorized substance. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and one way ANOVA and MANOVA tests.
Individual athletes have a higher mean in their desire to muscularity and their two subcomponents (muscle-related behaviors and substance use) are higher than those in the team group. But there was no difference between the attitudes related to muscle building and the attitude component to improving the performance of team and individual athletes. Also, the tendency to muscularity and its two sub-components (muscle related behaviors and performance-enhancer drugs) are higher in the athletes of the team and individual disciplines consuming unauthorized substances than others. About attitude toward improving performance, individual athletes in the group of drug user showed a higher mean than non-consuming group, but in team athletes, there was no difference in attitude toward performance improvement between the two groups.
In order to identify and prevent the use of unwanted substances by athletes, the recognition of psychological factors, as well as attention to the nature of team and individuality of exercise, which can affect the attitudes of athletes, is of particular importance.

Spastic pain due to ureteral spasm is one of the main problems of ureteroscopy. Therefore, in this study, the effect of intravenous injection of aminophylline on the reduction of ureteral spasm during ureteroscopy has been studied.
A total of 64 patients with ureteral stones confirmed by imaging were entered for ureteroscopy. During ureteroscopy, in the face of spasm or ureteral stenosis, aminophylline was injected intravenously (250 mg/50 ml of normal saline). Obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS software.
The age range of the subjects was 18 to 50 years old. The effect of dilatation of intravenous aminophylline was appropriate on 25 subjects. But 39 patients did not respond properly to the drug and successful ureteroscopy failed. In cases where ureteroscopy and crushing were performed, 4 patients were injured due to ureteral mucosal injury and 5 patients due to the absence of a complete breakdown of the JJ catheter. So, for 48 people, a JJ catheter was fitted. 11 out of 39 people who did not respond to aminophylline were referred for ESWL. Six out of 25 people who responded to aminophylline had mild hematuria, but none of them had significant hematuria. None of the patients had urinary tract infections, ureter rupture and fever.
According to the findings of this study, it can be suggested that injection of aminophylline in cases of ureteroscopy can be a suitable method for the urologist in order to re-perform ureteroscopy and TUL, and to prevent of additional costs to the patient as well as ureteroscopy complications.

The results of previous research in indicated that training of increasing attention and concentration plays an important role in the learning and academic progress of students. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of focus and attention training on problem-solving skills and anxiety-exams in students.
This study is an experimental that designed as pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this research includes the all-girl students of seventh grade of governmental schools in 2 area of Rasht city during the educational year of 2015-2016, which 30 of them where selected by randomized multistage sampling. Attention and concentration training was taught to the 15 students in experimental group in ten sessions of one month period, while 15 students of control group did not receive any special training. Both groups of control and experiment have assessed in pre-test and post-test with Cassidy and long problem solving scale and Sarason test anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the covariance method in SPSS software.
There were significant difference between two groups about problem solving skills (P=0.001) and test anxiety (P=0.001). This means that attention and focus training has been able to improve problem-solving skills and reduce test anxiety in students of experimental group.
Strengthening attention and focus as one of the main aspects of reducing student's stress and increasing their mental efficiency should be seriously addressed by psychologists and educational instructors.

Exclusive breast-feeding is a good way to ensure the nutritional needs and Increases infant immunity level against the pathogenic microorganisms. Dietary patterns, the type and biochemical composition of nutrients in breast milk, particularly fats and proteins can be the cause of allergies in infants. Considering the increasing prevalence and severity of infant allergy and the relationship between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation with food allergies in newborns this study was carried out. The present study have reviewed the articles up to 2017. With the limited search for the keywords of infant, nutrition, diet, food allergy, pregnancy and lactation, 58 articles have been obtained. Of these, 29 articles were separately extracted that data based on the type of study, the target group studied, the duration of the study and the mother's diet during the period of milking and the severity of sensitivity and its possible causes were collected. Collected data indicated on strong relationship between maternal diet and infant's allergies during lactation. The results showed that according to the amount of omega-3, omega-6 and herbal oils in the diet of the mother, they increases in produced milk. Also, the lack of allergenic foods in this period can reduce the severity of food allergy in newborns. Therefore, the complete removal of allergens from the diet of lactating mothers, exclusive breastfeeding, the prudent use of new foods to the child, the provision of medicines for the treatment of food allergy reactions, health advice, and the accurate labeling of food labels can prevents of the occurrence of food allergies in infants.