نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1397)

Green entrepreneurship is a new form of business that meets the company's needs for profitability and development, taking into account the environmental dimension. Andthey welcome environmental values as a key component of their identity and see it as a competitive advantage for their company on the market. After encountering the environmental, social, and economic effects of industrial agriculture, the production of sustainable and healthy food is more than ever necessary because access to adequate nutrition and nutritional health is one of the major pillars of development. Therefore, the present review study, based on a comprehensive literature review of available literature and scientific works in the field of green entrepreneurship, addresses the necessity of developing green entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector. By analyzing the content, green entrepreneurship can be considered as an effective strategy for the socio-economic development of countries, which, with its development, is a major step in sustainable employment creation, reducing environmental problems, reducing illnesses caused by unhealthy food and productivity Most agricultural lands were harvested. This paper first outlines the concept of green entrepreneurship and then explores the types of green entrepreneurship, food health, the relationship between green entrepreneurship and green innovation, and then green marketing and green taxation for green entrepreneurship development, and in The end of green entrepreneurship is described in agriculture.

Iran’s rural areas and agriculture sector due to different challenge such as climate change and more frequent and severe droughts, water crises, rural migration and rural population decline, environmental pressures due to the inefficient use of external inputs, low efficiency of conventional agriculture are facing crisis and unsustainability. These arenas of concern have influenced recent researches and thinking on conceptualizations of agricultural and rural change and cause to the proposed transition from a ‘productivist’ to a ‘post-productivist’ agricultural regime or multifunctional agricultural. therefore, multifunctional agriculture as an approach to encouraging sustainable development in rural areas has become an attention point of agricultural and rural policy makers and has been introduced as a new paradigm of agricultural and rural development. the aim of this study is look at the new role for agriculture in rural areas by reviewing the concept of multifunctional agriculture. Next, review the rural tourism as a multifunctional role of farming is conducted. Due to different challenge in Iranian rural area, multifunctionality approach in contrast to conventional approach can promote and develop entrepreneurship space. Finally, suggested that accepting multifunctionality regime in agriculture sector by policy maker is an initiative to promote entrepreneurship space in rural area which in the consequence in the era of climate change, drought and water crisis will lead these regions move toward ssustainability.

The purpose of this research was to assess the educational needs of agricultural students about entrepreneurship. The present applied research is a descriptive which has done with a surveying method. The statistical population of this study was the senior students of all agricultural fields at Hamedan and Kurdistan Universities in 2017. Sampling was census method (n = 157). In order to study the educational needs of the students about entrepreneurship education, the common method of need assessment has been used, namely, comparing existing and desirable status in three levels of knowledge, attitude, and skill. The data gathering tool was a structured questionnaire consisting of four sections of student's individual information, knowledge needs in entrepreneurship, attitude and skills requirements in entrepreneurship and business establishment. Content validity of the questions was approved by a number of agricultural experts and its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was more than 0.8 for all three levels of knowledge, attitude, and skill. After collecting data and coding, SPSS18 software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the highest priorities of the knowledge needs of agricultural students were familiarity with the rules and regulations for setting up a new business, the recognition of different information sources for the formulation of a business plan and familiarity with practical entrepreneurship issues. In analyzing the attitude needs of the students the highest ranks were about entrepreneurship knowledge and entrepreneurship meeting with participation of entrepreneurs. In terms of skills needs, the highest priority was related to the ability to raise funds and the ability to access banking facilities.

In developing countries, unemployment is one of the most important challenges. This problem is obvious in different economic sections such as agriculture. Agricultural unemployment is more obvious in agricultural graduates section. In this field a lot of theoretical opinion discussed; but in practice there is no much efforts. Career Counseling could considered as the most important effort in this context. Hence, the propose of this study is to draw canvas career counseling, based on successful graduates’ perception, to provide proper content for agricultural students to start proper jobs. To achieve this propose multiple case study was used. In this regard, 10 agricultural graduates were assessed by semi-structured questionnaire. The result showed that four main strategies could recognized in the successful career process of these people, include: Recognition of new opportunities, Market’s needs assessment, Considering creativity and innovation, and Networking. By summarization and assortment of raw interview data, some recommendations for business startup in each strategies extracted. Finally, based on the findings, career counseling canvas for business startup drew and presented to agricultural students.

This descriptive-survey study was conducted to diagnosing rural development cooperatives in the direction of codification of entrepreneurship development strategies. The statistical population of this study included all cooperation experts in administration of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare of Golestan Province. Using census method, 42 of them were selected as research samples. Content analysis of questionnaire showed the most important opportunities includes co-operatives exemption from tax and insurance, emphasizing the constitution principles (43 and 44) on cooperatives and possibility of using experts and graduates of the university to implement cooperative projects. The most important threats includes weak support banks and cooperative unions from rural development cooperatives, problems of access to proper market sale of agricultural and rural production and lack of social security discounts. The most important strengths includes providing favorable conditions for credit facilities, establishing the participation of villagers in various fields of industry, agriculture and services, conducting training courses that lead to cheap inputs in agricultural, industrial and quality products and preventing the continuity of wealth remaining in the hands of special individuals and groups. The most important weakness includes the lack of collective and cooperative work among members, inability to provide proper collateral for obtaining loans and the lack of utilization and proper use of technology in cooperative affairs. The results showed that the diagnosing of the cooperatives is in aggressive strategy area and which means taking advantage of domestic strengths and exploiting foreign opportunities.

In the last few decades, the necessity of creativity and innovation in the agricultural sector has become increasingly important for improving the economy and agricultural development. The companies of the knowledge-based according to nature are among the companies that are welcomed in the present era. Their development especially in the agricultural sector will bring, in food security and social welfare. Innovation of the business model in agricultural knowledgebased companies is a new strategy in development theories for empowerment and capacity building in order to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, this research investigates the factors affecting the business model innovation in Mazandaran agricultural knowledge based companies. This is a purpose-oriented research and in terms of data collection method, descriptive-correlation is used. The statistical population of this research was 43 agricultural knowledge-based companies in Mazandaran province and all firms were selected as the sample population. The research tool is a questionnaire that the questionnaire validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and university professors and also its reliability by the Cronbach's alpha (0/84). In order to analyze the data, SPSS21 and PLS software's were used. The results show that exploratory orientation influences the business model innovation. But other factors (opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial bricolage, technological turbulence) have no significant effect on the business model innovation.

This study to identify restraining factors of the entrepreneurship development of rural women in the Lahijan city it’s done. Research methodology was qualitative of case-study and by using in-depth interviews with 12 rural entrepreneur women that were selected based on purposive sampling method, data were collected. Based on the results of content analysis of interviews, restraining factors in two selective class “problems of implementation” in two areas contains of weakness of infrastructures and protection- policy insufficiency of government and organizations, and “problems of manufacturing” included of problems in the supply chain, distribution and monitoring, were classified. In this regardthe lack of adequate space, the lack trust each other, the lack of government support of manufacturers, a high rate of bank interest, the lack of attention to the problems in the aria of production, intense market volatility, fluctuations in input prices, and damaged goods due to pest, formed the major obstacles to the entrepreneurship development of rural women in the Lahijan city.