نشریه سیاست نامه علم و فناوری
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 20، پاییز 1396)

Along with the global attention to the specific importance of knowledge in recent decades, all Iran policy makers and planners also agree on it and emphasize that it is necessary to be «knowledge-based» but lack of proper understanding of the "status quo" and "desirable situation" has challenged Iran in terms of policy-making and planning for being «knowledge-based». The purpose of this study is filling the epistemic vacuum related to these two categories, improving recognition of institutional prerequisites of knowledgization, and investigation of one of it's institutional causal relations with a concentration on the position of scientists and innovators in society. For this purpose, using Institutionalism as a theoretical framework and Historical-Comparative method, first, the position of scientists and innovators is investigated in industrial countries both before and after of «knowledgization» of the society and with comparing these two periods, the evolution of scientists and innovators position in society during the process of «knowledgization» is explained. Then, using some historical facts, the position of scientists and innovators in past of Iran (after The Golden Age of Islamic Culture and Civilization to the victory of Islamic revolution) is investigated. Finally, based on the findings of previous parts, some points and recommendations have been made to more effective policy-making and planning for «knowledgization» of the society.

Sustainable City is a new technology-urban phenomenon that has emerged as a result of the development of three major global trends: sustainability, urbanization and information and communication technology. A Sustainable Smart City is an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies and other tools to improve the quality of life, raise the efficiency of urban operations, increase service levels and compete to meet the needs of current and future races in terms of economic, Social and environmental protection. The Internet of Objects is one of the key components of the sustainable smart city ICT infrastructure, which is introduced as a city development approach due to its high potential for promoting environmental sustainability. Internet of objects is one of the main sources of big data, and big data analysis is clearly penetrating in many urban areas to optimize energy efficiency and reduce harmful environmental effects. In this article, the opportunity to improve the Information landscape of smart cities by using big data is sought to achieve the desired level of environmental sustainability. In this regard, an analytical and comprehensive framework and big data applications in the field of sustainable smart cities, is described. This framework includes comprehensive computing, data processing and wireless network infrastructure, storage, management, processing, analysis and modeling of data from various urban areas to explore useful knowledge that helps various urban institutions to improve the environmental performance of sustainable smart cities.

Attention to the unique role of science in the development of a country and the special attention to this issue in recent years has led, along with the study of science from a philosophical and historical point of view, from the angles that followed its prescriptive, namely, the planning and policy-making of related sciences It is also worth looking at. In addition to economics and sociology of science, psychology of science has also studied science from its own angle, ie, the study of psychological factors influencing scientific behavior of scientists. One of the branches of the psychology of science is the social psychology of science, which is more recent than other branches, and studies how other people and scientists are influencing scientific activity. Effects of the Experimenter on the Experiment, Social-Cultural Influences on Science, Influences Evaluation of Science, science networks, Mentorships/Training, Small Group Processes in Science and Gender and Science are among the issues that have been studied so far. Possible Historical Case Studies, Possible Experimental Paradigms, the study of the impact of competition and collaboration, the perception and advocacy of other people on scientific behavior, how to allocate the cause of the effects, issues of industrial-organizational psychology are also issues that have not been studied seriously and made to as the future lies in the social psychology of science. The quantitative and qualitative development of international communication, the emphasis on Mentorships and the allocation of special privilege to this in the promotion of faculty members, the balancing of individual and group activities in scientific research, correct distribution and allocation of the appropriate academic positions and related occupations relative to gender, and Ultimately, helping to develop the field of psychology of science are suggestions based on the findings for policy makers of science and technology.

Generally, the necessity of energy supply and demand management cannot be overlooked in energy efficiency improvement, and in many inefficient systems like the energy system of Iran the important energy indexes and their gap from the standard level imply this issue. Meanwhile, Applying policies that can change end-user behavior is of a particular importance; the law on reforming energy consumption pattern is one of the main rules including policies and plans which are running to improve energy efficiency, energy consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions . In the present article, at first, the status of Iran in the world in terms of the energy intensity index is analyzed in detail, and then the requirements of the law on reforming energy consumption pattern, and the dimensions and executive approaches of the law to decline the energy intensity are reviewed. As a main result of this survey, the need to amend the pattern of energy consumption in different sectors, promoting energy technologies and applying the incentive and disincentive measures envisaged in the foresaid law can have a significant impact on reducing the energy intensity of the country and help to boost the economy and increase productivity.

FDI is counted one of important factor of growth and economic development in host countries that has had increasing process recently. Determinants recognition of FDI can be useful for developing countries. This paper considers determinants of FDI in Iran during 1980-2015.Mentioned analysis has estimated with GMDH neural network pattern for minimum mean square estimator. In addition, most variable was estimated through sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that degree of openness, rate of capital return, economic growth, human capital, broad money, R&D, instructions and corruption are determinants of foreign direct investment.

Intermediation in innovation serves to establish or improve the link between different actors with complementary skill sets or interests in order to support the generation and diffusion of innovation. This article conceptualises and analyses intermediation between supply and demand using the example of public procurement of innovation. It defines specific intermediation needs and functions in different procurement situations and outlines the pre-condition for effective intermediation. The paper combines and contributes to the growing literature on innovation intermediation and public procurement to innovation.
In order to develop the conceptualisation of intermediation in the process of demanding innovation, it builds on the existing, rather rudimentary conceptualisation of intermediation in the innovation and management literature. It presents an in-depth analysis of two very different procurement processes in two cases in a complex public sector setting, the English NHS, case of a public buying organisation triggering the generation of an innovation, and another in which an organisation sought to respond to an innovation offered in the marketplace. In both cases, the solution bought necessitated strong adaptation processes with considerable learning costs within the buying organisation.

The purpose of the present study was identification of the components effective on policy-making in sport for all in Iran. Research method in terms of the purpose was practical and in view of the nature of the research data was qualitative. Executives and experts of sport for all were considered as statistical population. The sampling method was convenient and with using targeted sampling techniques and based on the sampling criterion was conducted with16 people. The data were collected through deep interview interviews. Then data from interviews by Streubert and Carpenter’s method (2011) coded and analyzed. The results showed that the organizational components, beliefs and cultures, economic conditions, analysis, interpretation and compilation of scientific, studies and research are the factors affecting in sport’s policy-making. Therefore, it is necessary that Iran's public sport policy be based on the components identified and analyzed in this research.