Hormozgan Medical Journal
Volume:22 Issue: 2, Apr-Jun 2018

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood. Important patterns that can affect a person's life throughout his/her lifetime are formed during this period. Therefore, it is necessary to study the variables associated with behavioral patterns, especially the high-risk behaviors among adolescents.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional atmosphere of the family, stress coping strategies, and high-risk behaviors among first year high school students in Bandar Abbas. The statistical population of this study consisted of first year high school students in Bandar Abbas, in the academic year of 2014-2015. The sample size of the research consisted of 3506 randomly selected participants. The data collection tool was the Ministry of Education's Mental-Behavioral Health Scale.
Regression analysis showed that the emotional atmosphere of the family and the stress coping strategies explain 12% of the changes in the high-risk behaviors. However, the results showed that stress coping strategies alone explain 11% of the changes in the variance of the high-risk behaviors, and the emotional atmosphere of the family explains about 4.5% of the changes in the variance of high-risk behaviors.
Generally, it can be said that the emotional atmosphere of the family, as well as stress coping strategies are important variables related to high-risk behaviors among adolescents.

It is estimated that 100 - 300 million people in the world are infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. Although there are several laboratory diagnostic methods for detection of this parasite, there is still no gold standard diagnostic method. The need for an application test with high sensitivity and specificity is highly felt, especially in people with immune deficiency or organ transplant volunteers.
The diagnostic sensitivity of five parasitological methods, including direct smear of feces in saline and Lugol iodine stain, Baermann technique, formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, Harada-Mori filter paper, agar plate culture and molecular method was evaluated by stool specimens collected from the central mentally retardation institute of Bandar Abbas, to find out an easy, practical and cost-effective method for detecting Strongyloides stercoralis.
Five parasitological and molecular methods were investigated using 163 stool samples. Considering the employed methods, there found to be 30 cases of S. stercoralis. The total positive cases of S. stercoralis using different methods was considered as golden standard. The highest sensitivity of parasitological methods was associated with the Baermann 27 (90%) and the least positive results obtained with Harada-Mori method, 1 (3.3%). In this study 9 positive cases were detected by PCR method (30%).
Highest sensitivity was observed when different diagnostic approaches were combined where Baermann technique proceeded it. Therefore, this technique is recommended as a selective method for detecting S. stercoralis due to its easy, practical and inexpensive nature

Marriage has always been emphasized as the most important factor in achieving the emotional needs. The satisfaction of marital relationship decreases over time and among many couples. This study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of group counseling based on Gottman's theory and Glasser's choice theory on increasing satisfaction and decreasing marital conflicts among married women.
This semi-experimental research was run with pre-test and post-test design with experimental (2 groups) and control group. The statistical sample consisted of 45 married women who had referred to the counseling and psychological services center in Bandar Abbas city to solve their marital problems during 2016. They were selected using purposive sampling method from the initial 75 volunteers and randomly replaced in two experimental groups (Gottman's theory and Glasser's choice theory experimental groups) and one control group. The data was collected through the Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and marital conflict questionnaire by Sanaie et al and were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Statistical methods such as single- and multi-variable covariance analysis tests were used for data analysis.
The results showed that group counseling led to increase in marital satisfaction and decrease in marital conflicts in married women in the post-test, compared with the control group (P Group counseling based on two theories had significant effects on increasing the satisfaction and reduction of marital conflicts and can be used by the couple therapists.

Experimental evidence suggests positive effects of physical activity on skeletal mass. Biochemical markers determine the response rate of bone metabolism to physical activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates exercise training on serum osteocalcin and parathormone levels in inactive and overweight women.
28 healthy overweight women participated in this quasi-experimental study. They were randomly divided into two groups: exercise group (n=14) and control group (n=14). Pilates exercise training was performed during 12 weeks (3 sessions per week, 60 min per session). Blood samples of osteocalcin and parathormone were collected in two stages of fasting, 48 hours before and after exercise. The serum levels of osteocalcin and patathormone was measured by the ELISA method. For analyzing within-group data and between-group data paired t-test and ANCOVA test were performed, respectively.
Post-test data showed a significant increase in osteocalcin (P=0.017) and parathormone levels (P=0.015) compared to pre-test data. But in between group comparison, only a significant increase in the amount of osteocalcin in exercise training compare to control group was observed (P=0.03).
Based on the results, three months of Pilates exercise training program can change some biochemical markers levels of bone metabolism in inactive and overweight women. In this regard, Pilates exercise may reflect some mechanisms involved in the positive effect of physical activity on bone mass.

The objective of the present research was to determine the effect of low-intensity eccentric training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), in non-athletes young men.
In this study, 20 non-athlete young men were allocated to two eccentric training and eccentric training with BFR groups. Eccentric training program includes 75 knee extension repetitions in severity of 30% IRM within three sets by using isokinetic device. BFR was made by using air pressure meter and a muscular biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of active leg, 48 hours before and 24 hours after the training program. The data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests.
The results of analysis showed that HGF serum levels and mRNA Myf5 expression in both eccentric resistance training and without BFR groups had a significant increase compared to pre-test levels (P≤0.05). Moreover, it was observed that HGF serum levels and mRNA Myf5 expression in training group with BFR had a significant increase of 6.39% and 4.05%, respectively, compared to training group without BFR (P≤0.05).
The results of this research showed that eccentric training with and without BFR may improve the activation and proliferation indicators of satellite cells. But, in spite of this matter, it seems that eccentric resistance training with BFR may have a more significant effect on activation and reproduction of satellite cells.

Iran experienced a dramatic fertility decline during recent decades. There was also an indication of a shift towards later childbearing from 2000. Past research on fertility has shown that the education variable is the most important determinant of fertility behaviors. However, the impact of education on fertility timing in Iran has been less considered.
In a cross sectional study 1149 ever-married women aged 35-44 in three provinces with different levels of fertility, Semnan, Hormozgan, Kohkiluye and Booir Ahmad, were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. A structured questionnaire instrument was used for data collection. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox Regression were used to analyze data.
Kaplan-Meier estimates in three province show significantly different between age at first birth and women’s educational level (P Women’s access to education in Iran is a substantial contributor of postponement of childbearing and higher educated women are pioneers in delaying childbearing and reducing fertility in Iran.

Greatly increased use of antifungal therapies has resulted in the development of multidrug resistant. The phenolic compound carvacrol have been reported to have anti-Candida activity. This work is an attempt to examine effect of carvacrol on ergosterol synthesis against multidrug resistant Candida albicans.
This cross-sectional study has been conducted on 30 immune-compromised patients from vagina, mouth and skin surfaces during 2016-2017. Colonizing clinical isolates of C. albicans were identified and drug resistant isolates detected using WHONET software. The susceptibility tests for carvacrol were carried out in terms of disk diffusion, broth microdilution and time kill assays against multidrug resistant C. albicans. The ability to change from yeast to hyphal morphology exploited using a light microscopy. Ergosterol quantification has been investigated by spectrophotometric analysis. The expression profile of ERG11 gene was studied using quantitative real time RT-PCR to admit the possibility of further associated ergosterol pathway. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 21.0. Comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, with Tukey’s tests.
Ten colonizing clinical isolates of C. albicans were identified. Multidrug resistant isolates of C. albicans were detected. Carvacrol was found to have MIC90 of 100-200 µg/ml for multidrug drug resistant isolates of C. albicans. The time kill curve results show that carvacrol could significantly inhibit the growth of C. albicans (P≤0.05). In multidrug resistant C. albicans treated with carvacrol there was a marked reduction of the transition of yeast cells to hyphal cells. Significant decrease of ergosterol content was noted in multidrug resistant C. albicans treated with carvacrol. Furthermore, significant down-regulation was observed on ERG11 gene in multidrug resistant C. albicans treated with carvacrol (P≤0.05).
Carvacrol show strong antifungal activity against multidrug resistant C. albicans. These results provide proof of concept for the implementation of carvacrol that may have potential applications in the treatment of drug resistance C. albicans infections.

Health literacy is considered one of the main determinants of health-promoting behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the health literacy of employees of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and its relation with health promotion behaviors.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. By stratified sampling, the study recruited 188 employees of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from seven colleges. Ttwo self-administered questionnaires, namely, the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II.) were used for data gathering the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics for describing data and to assess the relationship between variables multivariate linear regressions was used. In all the tests, P-value The employees had a mean age of 36.84 years (SD = 6.32). The majority of the participants were female (71%), and most acquire information related to health via the Internet (74.5%). Moreover, results showed a significant relationship between health literacy and health-promoting behaviors (F=7.22, P Based on results, health literacy and health-promoting behaviors among the employees were undesirable and inadequate levels. Also, health literacy had the positive relationship on nutritional behavior, interpersonal communication, and responsibility toward health. It seems that it is necessary to pay special attention to these issues in the training programs for health promotion of employees in order to increase the efficiency in their performance.