فهرست مطالب

مجله تحقیقات حقوقی
پیاپی 66 (تابستان 1393)

تاریخ انتشار: 1393/06/30
تعداد عناوین: 10

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

The Constitution of any country is its most important legal document.

Pages 51-80

The Constitution of any country is its most important legal document. Afterthe Islamic Revolution and the overthrow of the dictatorial regime in Iranand following the establishment of a modern and popular system, the IslamicRepublic was established which required a strategic and binding document,namely the Constitution. For the codification of this document, people andparties have decided to participate in the approval of a fundamentaldocument. From the earliest development of Constitution until approval ofthe Assembly of Experts and its validation by Referendum, this article showswhich contributions by individuals, political parties and groups had beeninfluential. The final impact was felt in the Review step and the current textof the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran resulted from thosedebates and decisions. During that decade, the extent of certain groups hadbecome less while that of special groups had become greater. In the processof their removal, parties, groups and individuals often played a key role.Finally, during this Review, there was controversy among the Islamic andReligious groups who had not previous had such disputes and multipleviews. As a comprehensive document, the Constitution protects the rights ofall people in the country with their diversity of views and ideas. Hence, thetranscendent dignity of such a document is beyond the political intentions ofany particular group or party. In this paper, we consider how many politicalgroups are trying to follow this degree of the principle of non-discriminationin order to protect the rights of the nation. For consistency, the contents ofpresent essay are divided into three sections, related to the time and the roleof different individuals and groups involved in the formation of currentConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Keywords: Constitution, Draft Constitution, Political participation, Expertsof Constitution Assembly, Political parties

Abstract View Paper Research/Original Article Original: Persian
Arbitratide judicial organizations, are the investigativeauthority into claims in the most legalion i

Pages 81-111

Arbitratide judicial organizations, are the investigativeauthority into claims in the most legalion institutions, alongs systems. In some countries, ajudgment made on the investigator’s authority into a claim has noresponsibility for compensating the parties' loss, whether limited or absolute.According to Principle 171 of Iran's Constitution, if a judge causes a loss toa litigant and it is due to the neglect or mistake of the judge, there is noresponsibility for compensation. If the loss has been caused with the judge'sintention and is deliberate, civil responsibility would without question beimposed on him. Now that arbitrators like the judges investigate the claim,are they also placed under the terms of Principle number 171 or vice versa?In this essay we discuss how judges have civil responsibility for the lossessustained by Parties to a claim and under what circumstances they are notliable under Principle 171. Therefore the scope of the judge's responsibilitycontains a specified aspect and it is different from that under the generalrules of civil liability.

Keywords: Arbitrator, Civil, Loss, Claim

Abstract View Paper Research/Original Article Original: Persian
In December 2008, the United Nations adopted the Convention

Pages 113-144

In December 2008, the United Nations adopted the Convention on Contractsfor the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, known asthe “Rotterdam Rules”. If this Convention becomes universally accepted, thecarrier’s liability will increase, their immunity on the basis of the nauticalfault exception (neglect or fault in the navigation, or management of theship) will be eliminated, and their due diligence obligations will not berestricted to the period before and at the beginning of the voyage, but willalso be an obligation throughout the whole of voyage. Also, by introducingthe idea of a “maritime performing party” in the Convention, the number ofpeople on whom these obligations and liabilities would be imposed will beincreased. In sum, by analysis of the Convention and, in particular ChapterIV which is the main subject of this research, we can conclude and proposeto our domestic legislators that there is a level of balance between theliabilities of the carriers and those of the shippers: Contrary to the previousconventions, the Rotterdam Rules are not merely in favor of the shipper orthe carrier but, in fact, accepting this convention will provide a win-winoutcome for all countries.

Keywords: Rotterdam Convention, Liabilities of the carrier, Maritime Act of Iran, Hague Rules, Homburg Convention

Abstract View Paper Research/Original Article Original: Persian
Proportionality was created as a general principle

Pages 145-183

Proportionality was created as a general principle of law in modern legalsystems following the idea that citizens should be protected againstGovernment and that the regulatory interventions of Government should beproportionate to the desired goals. This principle was recognized for firsttime in the German legal system and then developed, as a ground of reviewof governmental actions, with the expansion of administrative discretion.Although the principle of proportionality has not been reflected in the EUtreaties clearly, it has been recognized as a principle of EuropeanCommunity law since the 1950s and was applied in a review of EUinstitutions and Member states actions by the EU courts. On this basis, inthis research the concept and status of the principle of proportionality inAdministrative Law is examined with regard to the legal systems ofGermany, France and UK and, then, the status of this principle within theEU legal system will be examined in more detail.

Keywords: Proportionality, Administrative discretion, Judicial review, Public ends, European Union

Abstract View Paper Research/Original Article Original: Persian
AbsractShi’a Jurisprudence has had a high position in the interpretation

Pages 185-209

AbsractShi’a Jurisprudence has had a high position in the interpretation andexplanation of divine commandments from the distant past and hascontinuously proved its competency in providing solutions based on logic,knowledge and religion. Nowadays, because of the high number of familydisputes, Iranian courts actually pay less attention to legal nature of familyissues. This paper attempts to investigate the legal character of three essentialfamily issues: parental tutelage, alimony and the revocation of divorce. Hence,we will study the “right” and the “rule” and their consequences according tolawyers’ and Islamic Jurists’ views, mention some viewpoints both againstand in favor of these consequences, compare them, and finally evaluatewhether parental tutelage, alimony and the revocation of divorce are in fact“rights” or “rules”.

Keywords: Right, Role, Parental Tutelage, Alimony, Revocation from Divorce

Abstract View Paper Research/Original Article Original: Persian
RésuméA la différence du Code civil français qui distingue entre l’indivision,

Pages 255-283

RésuméA la différence du Code civil français qui distingue entre l’indivision, qui estune modalité du droit de propriété, et la société, qui est un contrat spécial, ily a, à notre sens, une quasi-confusion entre les deux notions en droit iranien.En effet, les dispositions du Code civil iranien dans la position de définir lasociété donnent la définition de l’indivision. Après avoir constaté cettequasi-confusion, nous nous trouverons dans la nécessité de distinguer et deréorganiser les concepts. Or la distinction entre l’indivision et la société sepose en termes d’opposition et de concurrence. D’un côté, il faut constaterque cette particularité du droit iranien, au moins lorsque la source est forcée,s’oppose à la société du droit français. En effet, l’aspect individualiste decette institution du Code civil iranien, dans chaque étape de son existence,est évident. C’est ainsi que nous avons vu une différence trait pour trait entre, qui estune modalité du droit de propriété, et la société, qui est un contrat spécial, ily a, à notre sens, une quasi-confusion entre les deux notions en droit iranien.En effet, les dispositions du Code civil iranien dans la position de définir lasociété donnent la définition de l’indivision. Après avoir constaté cettequasi-confusion, nous nous trouverons dans la nécessité de distinguer et deréorganiser les concepts. Or la distinction entre l’indivision et la société sepose en termes d’opposition et de concurrence. D’un côté, il faut constaterque cette particularité du droit iranien, au moins lorsque la source est forcée,s’oppose à la société du droit français. En effet, l’aspect individualiste decette institution du Code civil iranien, dans chaque étape de son existence,est évident. C’est ainsi que nous avons vu une différence trait pour trait entre

Abstract View Paper Research/Original Article Original: Persian

علمی مصوب

مجله تحقیقات حقوقی

Legal Research Quarterly

فصلنامه علوم انسانی

آخرین شماره | آرشیو

ISSN: 1024-0772

صاحب امتیاز:

دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

مدیر مسئول:

دکتر گودرز افتخارجهرمی

سردبیر:

دکتر ابراهیم بیگ زاده

تلفن نشریه: ۰۲۱-۲۹۹۰۲۷۴۳

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فهرست مطالب

مجله تحقیقات حقوقی پیاپی 66 (تابستان 1393)

مجله تحقیقات حقوقی

Legal Research Quarterly

مجله تحقیقات حقوقی
پیاپی 66 (تابستان 1393)