فصلنامه شیعه پژوهی
پیاپی 5 (زمستان 1394)

Understanding Islam and Shiism in the West is accomplished due to orientalists’ works. Considering the important role and personality of Imam Baqir (AS) and the features of his period, two fundamental issues including his political stances (against the Umayyads and his confrontation with anti-Umayyad movements) and his Imamate are very important among the Shiites. Therefore these two issues are studied in this paper based onorientalists’ methodologies. There are two important methods considered in Oriental studies: historical method (finding the roots of the teachings, events and ideas) and phenomenology (To identify people who believe in the doctrines and history of each religion). Thus, two mentioned issues will be discussed in the paper from the perspective of methodology in the works of people like Ethan Kohlberg, Dwight Donaldson, Heinz Halm, Hollister, Arzina Lalani

Mourning for Imam Hussein (AS) is one of the most significant instances of Shiite rituals that is done in the Shiite community. This pervasive Shiite rite is done along with Tatbir and injuring body that has been led to portrait a violent and hateful Shia across the world. Therefore studying and criticizing the legitimacy of such actions seems to be necessary from Shiite Faqihs’ point of views. Shiite Faqihs have taken different stances. Some of them have allowed to do such actions and some others have permitted to do it on the condition of not injuring the body. Given to be offensive for Shia School and to be as instance of forbidden and Haram action, a group of Faqihs have considered it as haram action. In the eyes of this group, according to the needs and priorities of the present time, it lacks legal authority based on the secondary rule of the actions and the reasons of its supporters can be rejected. This paper addresses this subject and challenges the proponents’ reasons

from its birth up to now, Shiite has had a history full of ups and downs. In some historical situations, there were some opportunities to form an Islamic government and to revive the Islamic civilization through cultural investigations of Shiite scholars. In recent history, the Iranian revolution led by Imam Khomeini and foundation of the Islamic Republic of Iran have led to revive Shiite. In this degeneracy, the most important role has been played by the Shiite clergy. Feyziheh has been considered as one of the most effective religious schools in development of the clergy men and current changes of Shiite situation. Investigation into this school's historical changes, recognition of the effective factors in these changes, and the influence of Feyzieh on the political life of Shiite are the important issues being explained and analyzed in this paper. In recent history, Feyziyeh has been not only a center for scientific and religious education but also a base for the revolutionists and political activists inside or outside of Hozeh (related to Shiite religious school). Therefore, the emergence of the religion and politics together has led to a new period of Shiite life. Therefore, political concepts in development and revitalization of Shiite life are to be historically analyzed in the paper

Because of the presence of a large amount of Shiites, Qom was considered as a Shiite base. With the establishment of agency institution from the time of Imam Sadiq (AS) and its apex in the time of Imam Kadhim (AS), Qom was one of the centers for agents in the period of Imam Reza (AS). Studying our Shia hadith sources leads us to faint presence of agents in Shia hadith heritage. This weak and faint presence was relative and achieved by comparing them with other Qomian narrators. Given the selection of agents from great Shia families and assignment of tradition’s content to their narrators, it is possible to trace the faint presence of agents about traditions in not getting involved iner-Shia doctrinal conflicts and consequently failing in accomplishing the main duties of advocacy institution

After the Islamic conquest, Residents of Morocco chose Maliki madhhab as their own madhhab and acted according to its ideology. Thus, there was no opportunity for the development of other Islamic sects and school of Fiqh, but historical resources suggested that Shi`ism penetrated among the people of this region, since they considered Ahl-al-Bayt (AS) and Alavians as the only bulwark of their wishes and rights. Furthermore, political and intellectual autocracy of the Umayyad and Abbasid could not barricade the activation of the Shia imams and Alavians and by different ways they tried to promote Shi`ism in Morocco. Therefore, Shia penetration into Morocco, is traced back to the periods before uprisings of the Edrissian (172-375 AH) and the Fatimid (297-567 AH). Three different groups including Berberian advocates of Ahl-al-Bayt, proponents of Imam Sadiq (AS), and Alavians contributed to the introduction of Shi`ism in Morocco. The rapid spread of the Fatimid's Invitation in Africa and Morocco suggests the penetration of Shi`ism and the familiarity of Maghreb`s residents with Shiite beliefs and ideas. By resorting to historical resources and through a descriptive-analytical library approach, this paper aims at reviewing the backgrounds and pathways of entering Shiism to Morocco.

Preaching interpretation is a trend based on oration and sermon, along with other trends adopted by the interpreter, aiming at direction and guidance with a focus on the general audience, which has special characteristics and style. The interpreter attempts to increase the effectiveness of his/her interpretation any way. Spiritual growth of the community is actually to draw attention to human perfection. Thus, following each verse, he/she notes to the verse related materials in detail and does not hesitate subjects with the slightest connection with the verse. In addition to this comprehensiveness, the layout and order of interpretation is maintained and more importantly the audience does not get bored or tired. The result of this study, which was conducted using descriptive-analytic method, indicates that the characteristics of each era have been effective on whether the preaching interpretations are written or not. Preaching interpretations of oral quotes in the first century, reached its tipping point in the sixth century and retained its centrality until eleventh century.. Nowadays, according to the scientific and intellectual growth in different fields, especially in interpretation and presence of material thinkers as well as physical and spiritual crises of society and the effectiveness of preaching and sermon, it requires to comprehensive preaching interpretation that can be written according to present era requirements as well as based on Imams’ Words