پژوهش نامه انتقادی متون و برنامه های علوم انسانی
پیاپی 56 (تیر 1397)

One of the important books that are written about contemporary area of Arabic poetry is “Semantic & artistic aspects of contemporary Arabic poetry” worked by Azlodin Esmaeili, the famous critic of Arabic literature. This book published in 1391 by translation of Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi titled by investigation into the artistic and semantic aspects of contemporary Arabic poem of Taraneh Mashhad publications. One of the most important relationship bridges among languages, cultures and literature of various countries is the translation. This study has investigated into the relationship between substation and companionship that a famous linguistic “Sosor” has been talked about it and he has investigated into the present translation. The present study has engaged in problems from the view of descriptive-interpretive method, by emphasis on product-oriented (descriptive) translation studies. he has analyzed them and then there has been presented the suggested translation. In general, it can be said that in spite of efforts and a lot of translator problems in transferring contents from source language into destination language, translation of the mentioned book has confronted with many difficulties that can be resulted of loss of exact understanding and enough accurate in the case of two languages between source language and destination language and also idioms that has beneficial usages in the area of words and idioms within these languages.

Preparing academic course is an urgent need which makes university instructors write books and textbooks. Ali Salimiś book "Criticism and Critics in Arabic Literature", deals with Criticism in Arabic Literature. It is a pedagogical text containing: a table of contents, a preface, 3chapters (on the development of criticism, literary elements, and renowned critics).The stated purpose of the writer is to have an overview of literary criticism and its development in the classical and modern Arabic Literature. After a careful analytic study, the following qualities are enumerated as the advantages in the format of book: covering, binding, lettering, pagination, titling, and paragraph writing. The related flaws include: simple covering design, typing mistakes, poor grammar, spelling mistakes, and poor eloquence. In terms of content, the advantages are: good table of contents, impartiality, accordance with Islamic principles, and the scienceś curriculum. The negative points in content are: inconsistency between the titles, poor referencing, ambiguity in academic accordance, mismatch between title, content, and course objectives, and poor terminology. All in all, it is worth mentioning that the book is qualitatively poor, and this article aims to offer points in settling the flaws. Observing these suggestions can make the book fit for educational purposes.

Constructive criticism has very significant impact on the scientific development which leads to the flourishment of the country’s whole wealth, i.e. its technology. On the other hand, as the emergence, revolution, and maturity of the Arabic language is among the problems which demand particular heed, the research therein also seems very valuable. In this paper, the book “A’taTaworA’naHwiLe’loghateAl’Arabiy” by BergeshterEser(1994) and researched and translated by RamazaanAbdA’ta’waab has been put into criticism. Besides mentioning other Semitic languages such as Hebrew, Akkadian, Aramaic, and Habashi, this book has studied the Arabic syntax from the historical and linguistic viewpoints. Through the quantitative and qualitative analysis, it was understood that the book seeks two major first, studying the Arabic syntax from the historical viewpoint, that is, in terms of emergence, major letters, types of the sentence, the basic [of the language] and the changes applied to it over time; second, studying it structurally, which occurs in the linguistic scope. On the whole, this book has paved the way for development of the Arabic syntax. In addition, it could reasonably be suggested that this book be included into the curriculum of Arabic language and literature at the PhD level for the course of Research into Arabic Word Formation and Syntax especially in Iran’s universities

Critical analysis of written several books on various subjects and fields is an important and necessary rules of the critics. One of the most important areas of research, is rhetoric that still considered by many researchers. Research and books that should be reviewed properly.
Accordingly, a critical review of the book "Philosophy of rhetoric" by Raja Eid the full Professor of the University Banha, Egypt, as the main issue of this study is selected. The most findings of this research is show that the respected author has tried to criticize the old rhetoric and look at them with a new look but it does not seem like much of this work has been successful.

Myths are formed based on human nature and the mind and the language of the current period and are fluid. The myth of the season should be an integral literature. Poets and writers, if the wishes of its people in danger, they turned to myth.One of the most transformative periods in literary Persian and Arabic literature, contemporary with the effects of the land of poets and ideas that can be influenced by factors such as political developments, influence Arrogance', the pressure of internal despotic poets composed imbued with idealism have their own myths. In this study, effects of myth in a poem by Khalil alhavi (1919- 1982) and M. atashi (1310- 1384) with an analytic approach based on adaptive checked.According to the myth functions as a means of awakening people to select the most motivated poets mentioned in this Research.

The book " A selection of masterpieces of Arabic literature in the first Abbasid period "written by Mirloohiis one of the works that the writer has selected and examples of prose and poetry of the first Abbasid era, and translates and analyzes it. The study of the book shows That this effect, while having concessions, is free of defects and defects. This essay aims to observe the principles of critique and using a descriptive-analytic method to determine the extent of adherence of the author to the standards and rules of writing Criticize the bush. A careful review of the book suggests that this work has some content and form of shortcomings, one of the most fundamental of which is the following: addressing unnecessary topics such as the poet's biography and neglecting some of the essential topics, such as the Abbasid era poetry. There are many typographical errors found in the book that could give the beginner inaccurate information and even mislead the reader.

Considering that contemporary prose texts, in addition to the educational aspect, more than any time, reflects the culture and beliefs of a community and influences them; a book that is introduced as the reference for the curriculum, in addition to proper structure and content, it should be in line with the latest literary theories and approaches, so it could fulfill its literary mission. For this reason, this research, by using the method of rereading the work in both quantitative and qualitative analysis, has tried to see does the book ‘Malameh Al-Nathr Al-Hadith &Fonouneh’ by Omar Daqaq, Mohammad NajibTalawy and MoradAb-AlrahmanMabrouk has enough potential to be used as a reference for the curriculum of Arabic language and literature? The results show that, in spite of its advantages, such as a completely legible font, ideal layout and technical performance of some the authors of this book, but it has many quantitative and qualitative disadvantages that if it is used as a reference for the curriculum, it would be very weak and incomplete. Some the quantitative disadvantages of the book are very little use of punctuation marks and not having index, the list of references and the bibliography of the history of literature at the end of the book; and some of the qualitative disadvantages of the book are not being reprinted after 18 years, thematic and content deficiencies of the titles, irregularity and incoherence of the text, inadequate citation, lack of multiple, up to date valid and resources and also defective presentation of the titles and wrong inference.

After emergence of Islam, by its miraculous style of expression, holy Quran attracted Muslims’ attention to rhetoric and aesthetics; this literati and critics fascination to miraculous style led them to move through regularization of rhetoric and aesthetics; in the meantime, by the advances in criticism and emergence of literary movements, there were some reactions to traditional approaches to rhetoric, showing themselves in names such as Osloobie.
With regard to new stylistics, numerous compilations were written by the critics and in this study, the aim is to analyze one of this works, that is Osloobiaalbayanolarabi men ofoghelghavaedolmeyariaelaafagh e-nnaselebdaee by Rahman Gharkan.
This work was analyzed based on the content analysis method and the most significant results are mentioned in the part about pros and cons of the book. The most significant pros and cons include: a detailed boundary between old rhetoric and new rhetoric, which, by a practical part called “gheraatvanass” has led the author to succeed more in comparison to similar works. The appropriateness of the title to the content is obvious in all chapters and two keywords “elghavaedolmeyariaelaafagh e-nnaselebdaee” has been analyzed in all chapters using evidences and references. A civilized and dynamic look to language as a live body in which rhetoric issues as well as modern literature have been used with a new perspective; presenting comprehensive analysis by the author at the end of each chapter which leads the reader to have a clear understanding about Osloobiaalbayanolarabi, logical discipline and order of book discussions are among the strengths of the book. Some editing and writing mistakes, compaction of book discussion and lack of exercises and tests, not having concordances, verses and poems, not evaluating and criticizing the view of western scholars are among the weak points.

Critical critique of scientific production reveals the weaknesses of the works of the Ancestors, so avoids the weaknesses and strengths of the strong points. Therefore, it can be said that achieving the optimum perfection in the development of academic resources is possible only after manufacturer reviews. In this Article,has been criticized book "Egyptian literature from the establishment of the Ayyubi state to the advent of the French campaign ",thatWritten by Abdul Latif Hamza. Which published in 2000 by the publication "Egyptian General Institute Forum for the Books" in 293 pages,
The results of the critique and review of this book show that the this book, despite some strengths such as: observance of the rules of writing, the coherence and logical setting of the sectionsand chapters, unfortunately have many defects in the field of form and content.
The most important drawbacks of this work are: the lack of registration of bibliography references and shortages, the lack of introduction and closure for the sectionsand chapters,Verbal errors due to non-observance of rules lexical errors due to non-observance of the rules of conduct, interpretive errors and misunderstandings due to the inappropriate use of words and combinations. But the main drawbacks of the content in this book are: repetition of the subject, surreptitious review due to the wide scope of the subject, reliance on compilation and accumulation, and as a result of the lack of analysis and innovation. It is hoped that the results of this brief review would be useful to Writer and other scholars, and Leads to scientific promotion.

The author of this article tried to with the introduction of the book of(The Arab and Iranian rhetoric knowledge) to check the status and value of it among other similar books, assessment and critical evaluation of it with formal and content structure, among Iranian Islamic rhetoric and research.The author in a couple of segments investigated the effect of formal structure and any more detailed review its content. In a book review the apparent effect of printing and quality Includes letters, layout and cover design, binding and the value of observing the ritual writing and editing is taken into consideration. Considered in the evaluation of the content, materials such as: preliminary discussion of the plan, the purpose of the author, summary and conclusions, comprehensiveness and relevance of content by subject, the type of content, the coherence of the whole work, credit amount is updated resources and how it references, observe the author's objectivity in analysis and content like this.

The Textlinguistics is one of that fields that have has great impact on Translation Studies, as in many definitions, the translation has been defined as replacement of a text in one lannguage by a text in the target language and a lot of researchers tried to use textlinguistics's theories in translational investigation. Accordingly Yousof Noor Ewath tried in a communicative perspective, to provide a short history of text linguistics and translation studies in his book "Elmonnas wa Nazariyat Al-Tarjomah" (The Text linguistics and Translation theory) And to explain the relationship between these two fields. So at the end of both book's two chapters, he has raised his theory in of these fields and named it: (Nazariyat Al-Enziyahat) the shifts theory. He recognizes three types of meaning in texts as: Obligatory Meaning, Exrended Meaning and Accessory Meaning and based on the quantity of thesedifferent meaningsin texts it divided into three types: Literary texts, non-literary text and Fuzzy texts or Hybrid texts. In his opinion with regard to this division and differences between each of these types, an appropriate translational strategy should be chosen.
This paper with a descriptive-analytic method tries to review this book and to analyze its appearance and content and to assess the degree of realization of book's goals That are, to write a text linguistic approached introduction to translation studies and also tried to study the Compatibilitythis works contents with Arabic language and literature field.
The most important result of current study is as follow: two reasons caused this book to not be a comprehensive Introduction to the text linguistics and translation studies: first the book published in a long time ago and secondly: the boos has not mentioned all the main tendencies of of the two fields and also not consisting the all necessary topics of in related curriculumprevents to consider this book as the main source of translation theory courses; but in the other hand with due attention to new ideas and a strong theoretical framework, it can give the collegians Innovative research ideas and new thinking way about the translation process.

University course book has a determining role in the teaching/learning process. A desirable course book has certain characteristics with differentiates it from a non-academic book.
Critiquing and evaluating course book content can lead to a better precision and accuracy in its design and organization. Using library research methodology in this study, an attempt has been made to obtain a framework which represents university course book characteristics. Our goal in this study was that by analyzing course book content we could also evaluate and critique the definition and terminology of course book analysis, its application and dimensions and the related comments and interpretations. The book “Arabic Grammar and Reading” by Dr. Mohammad Reza Najjarian has been chosen as the case study so we can check how well the book has benefited from the characteristics obtained. Course book is one of the most important and influential instructional medium which is very significant in the realm of education. Analyzing course book content can provide a better chance for the authors, course and curriculum planners and instructors to find the strengths and possible weaknesses of the books and also make revision and possible change to the content of which based on a desirable goal and using academic principles.

Along with the growth and advancement of human sciences and knowledge in the Western countries and their followers, new critical approaches have manifested in Arabic culture by various cultural exchanges and it encourages Arabic critics to take advantage of the latest global critical results. Western criticism has always been gravitated by many adherents who completely ignore their original legacy, but some such as Salah Fazl, an egyptian well-known researcher and critic, has tried to introduce the results of critical researches and to apply them in all parts of Arabic communities using intellectual and reasonable attitude, and he has scrutinized the old and new Arabic criticism efforts very carefully. In this regard, this paper has explored and studied the book “Minhaj Al-Naghd Al-Moaser” written by salah Fazl using quantitative and qualitative approaches, and it has evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of the content and form of the mentioned work, as well. The results of this study have revealed that the mentioned book has not written in an academic way due to the lack of references and citations, but it has written in a way that the author calls it “Oral writing”, and the author of this book is influenced by the writing method used by Taha Hossein and Mohammad Mandoor. Therefore, the author has made impressive strides towards the simple, accurate understanding of the critical content of this book by its addresses.

The critique of the book can be considered as an extension of the writer's efforts in providing research losers. Criticism is the essence of the research, and this article seeks to make the book "The Seasons of theTransfiguration and Al-Tarib" a copy of Egyptian writer and interpreter Mohammed al-Batal. The book consists of eight chapters that deal with various subjects in the field of translation from Arabic to English and vice versa, and although all of these chapters, each of which are the subject of an article, are subject in one domain, but are scattered, and each They are dedicated to specialty and specialty in translation.The area where the author pays more attention to it is the field of terminology, which is a large part of the book, and even a chapter of the book forms a small culture of press terminology. Considering that books on translation theory have a relatively long history and even a few books have been published in Arabic, the book "The Fosoolfi al-tarjomah va al- tarib" was expected from M0hammad al-Batal who It was published in 2007 to deepen the field of translational studies, and even notes more translation, but a glance at the book's list of sources suggests that the author has an extensive research effort. He has not done much about translation technology and has written more practical experiences.

The Scholars saw in the field of standards of scientific papers, principles, rules and specific criteria that adhere to these is needs in terms of skills, experience and great care. The present study aims to review the structure of six articles published in the Journal of Arabic Literature at Tehran University in the field of literature middle age, and in compliance their management with the standards of scientific papers. Research Standards related to the structure of scientific papers in these six articles suggests that some articles have drawbacks, such as having too general titles, lack of objective research methods in the abstract, weakness in key words, the lack of basic questions, not to mention literature and stereotypes of result.

The book “Fi al-nass al-adabi: Dirasah uslubiyah ihsaiyah” written by Dr Saad Moslouh and published in 1993, is one of the foremost and significant works in the area of Arabic studies, that has dealt with statistical stylistics. In the current study, the book was analysed in terms of form and content. The focus of formal analysis revolved around cover artwork, typography, page layout, and typing errors. The content analysis, on the other hand, incorporated eloquence of expressions, order of the issues, resources, referencing, innovations and analyses and reviews of them. The results of the analyses indicated that since this work has been published almost 20 years ago, it has several deficits in terms of formal features particularly typography and referencing. It should be noted that, in terms of content, despite the novelty of the concepts in the area of Arabic studies, the underlying theoretical issues of the book are mainly adapted from western experts. Thus, it should be considered that the main innovation of the book is adapting the western concepts and implementation of the related models and patterns in Arabic texts and literature.