نشریه توانمندسازی کودکان استثنایی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1396)

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of parental involvement in the relationship between the social and economic status of parents and the performance of students with learning disabilities.
A sample of 150 students with learning disabilities from all the students were selected by sampling method. In this research, Olson Barnes (1992) parental involvement scale was used.
The results showed that socioeconomic status has a significant direct effect on the performance of students with learning disabilities. And the effect of parent involvement on performance has also been significant. Also, the socioeconomic status has a significant effect on student's performance due to parental involvement. Model has a good modification and 18% of the variance in performance explained by this model.
According to results of this study, it is likely that parents of students with better socioeconomic, more involved in the education of their children and also this leads to more performance of their children

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to comparing perceived social support, anxiety and stress in mothers of children with cochlear implants, hearing aids and normal hearing.
The present research was a causal-comparative research. The study population included of mothers of children with cochlear implants, hearing aids and normal hearing. 60 mothers aged 28-38 years participated in this study. They were divided into three groups and each group contains 20 mothers. First and second group were selected, ordinarily, from mothers of children with cochlear implants and hearing aids by convenient sampling method; while that third group were selected from mothers of children with normal hearing by randomly method. The instruments of this research were perceived social support scale and depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21). Data were analyzed by MANOVA.
findings showed that perceived social support in mothers of children with hearing aids was significantly more than the mothers of children with cochlear implants(P>0.05). Anxiety and stress in these mothers were significantly less than the mothers of children with cochlear implants and Condition of mothers of normal hearing children was better than the others groups (P>0.05).
Perceived social support in mothers of children with normal hearing was more than the mothers of children with cochlear implants and hearing aids. Also, their anxiety and stress was less than the others. Therefore, requires specific rehabilitation program in order to increase perceived social support and decrease anxiety and stress in mothers of children with hearing impairment and hearing aids.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting and parenting self-efficacy and parent-child interaction in mothers with mentally retarded children.
The present research is descriptive correlational. The target population consisted to all All mothers of children with intellectual disabilities attending institutions of these children were in Tabriz, which of these, 110 were selected by cluster sampling. To collect data was used from Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation Scale (Rabert, 1990), Parenting Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Domka & Et al, 1996) and Tate Self Forgiveness Scale (Vel & Et al, 2008). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis.
Finding revealed receptivity there is relationship of positive (direct) between acceptance children, parental self-efficacy, feelings and actions and self forgiveness in mothers. Also, there is significant negative (inverse) between overprotection, overindulgence, rejection with parental self-efficacy and self forgiveness. Result of regression analysis showed that Parents self-efficacy and Components emotions and actions self forgiveness can predict change the mother-child interaction in mothers of children with mental retardation.
Given that strengthening self - efficacy parental and self forgiveness interaction resulted in an increase in the mother and child in small children mental strength is planning to increase the self - efficacy to mother's children at the mental strength can lead to an increase in the interactions between the mother and child.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate of the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on the general health and self-esteem in adolescents with cerebral palsy.
Study procedure was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population included of adolescents with cerebral palsy aged 16-18 years old. Subjects were selected by convenient sampling method. In this study were participated 30 adolescents with cerebral palsy. Subjects were divided into two groups by randomly method (experimental and control group), each of which was consisted of 15 adolescents. Experimental group received in emotional intelligence training in the 12 sessions lasting for 50 minutes, but control group did not. The instrument of present research was Goldberg & Hiller general health guestionnaire and Cooper Smith self-esteem questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test.
The findings of this research showed that there was significant increase in general health and self-esteem scores mean of experimental group in the post intervention in comparison with control group (P The emotional intelligence training program led to improve the general health and self-esteem of adolescents with cerebral palsy. Therefore, paying attention to the variables such as general health and self-esteem are essential and planning for providing of emotional intelligence training is a particular importance.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group counseling of parents on hyperactive children. This was a quasi-experimental pretest- posttest design with control group.
The participants were parents of ADHD children. 60 of these parents were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, 9 sessions of cognitive behavioral group counseling were conducted, but the control group received no intervention. Before and after the sessions, the children's hyperactivity of both groups was evaluated by the Conner’s Parent Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple analysis of covariance; MANCOVA.
The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group after the intervention in hyperactivity and its components (p Group counseling based on cognitive-behavioral approach with parents of overactive children facilitates their confrontation in various life situations, especially in relation to their ADHD children, and consequently, the level of mental health of the family will increase.

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of forgiveness skill training on marital conflict and aggression in parents of deaf children.
The present research was a quasi-experimental study by pre-test, post-test design with control group. Thirty parents of deaf children were selected by convenient sampling method from exceptional schools in Tehran city. They were divided into experimental and control group (each consists of 15 individuals) randomly and equally. The experimental group participated in forgiveness skill training in 8 sessions (two sessions weekly; each lasts for 70 minutes), while control group did not. Marital conflict questionnaire and aggression questionnaire were used for assessment of all participants. Data were analyzed by multiple analysis of covariance through SPSS version 22.
Findings showed that experimental and control groups had significant difference, at least in one of the marital conflict and aggression variables (P Findings indicated that forgiveness skill training has led to the reducing marital conflict and aggression in parents of deaf children. Therefore, planning for such training programs alike with the forgiveness training has an important role on reducing marital conflict and aggression in parents of deaf children.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to comparing general health and aggression in mothers of children with asthma and mothers of children with behavioral disorder.
The present research was a causal-comparative research. The study population included of mothers of children with asthma and mothers of children with behavioral disorder in Tehran city. 132 mothers aged 27-40 years participated in this study. They were divided into two groups and each group contains 66 mothers. First group were selected from mothers of children with asthma and second group were selected from mothers of children with behavioral disorder by convenient sampling method. The instruments of this research were general health questionnaire of Goldberg & Hiller (1979) and aggression questionnaire of Buss & Perry (1992). Data were analyzed by MANOVA.
findings showed that general health and somatic symptoms in mothers of children with asthma were significantly more than the mothers of children with behavioral disorder (P>0.05). Also, aggression, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression in mothers of children with asthma were significantly less than the mothers of children with behavioral disorder (P>0.05).
General health in mothers of children with asthma was more than the mothers of children with behavioral disorder. Also, their aggression was less than the others. Therefore, both groups had significant difference in general health and aggression.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positivist psychological education program on the job satisfaction of exceptional school teachers in Kerman.
This study was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and control group design. The statistical population consisted of all the exceptional teachers who taught in the exceptional schools of Kerman during the 2014 school year. The research sample consisted of 60 teachers who were selected by stratified random sampling from the target population. The data were collected using a questionnaire for measuring the job satisfaction of enamel and visma (JSS). A researcher-made program based on positive psychology was conducted on the experimental group during the ten sessions.
Data were analyzed by covariance analysis. The results of this study indicated that psychological interventions based on positive psychology were effective in increasing job satisfaction of exceptional school teachers (p Conduision: In general, the method of positive psychologic intervention can increase feelings, behaviors and positive cognition in individuals. Therefore, the use of this training can be useful in improving the job satisfaction of exceptional school teachers.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on the self-esteem and mental health in slow paced adolescents in Turbat-e Heidarieh.
The design of present study was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. Statistical papulation of this study consist of all the slow paced adolescents the ages of 12-18 years old in Turbat-e Heidarieh Proviance. Sample of this study consist of 30 individuals were selected by the convinient method. Subjects were assigned into two groups (experimental and control group) randomly, each consisting of 15 adolescents. Experimental group received life skills training in 9 sessions, while control group did not. The instruments used were self-esteem inventory and mental health questionnaire. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by MANCOVA.
The findings of this research showed that there was a significant increase in self-esteem and mental health scores mean of experimental group in the post intervention in comparison with control group. Also, the results showed that life skills training had positive and significant effect on self-esteem and mental health in slow paced adolescents (P The life skills instructional program led to improvement in self-esteem and mental health in slow paced adolescents. Therefore, planning for providing life skills training has a particular importance.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of psycho-social empowerment program on reducing parental stress and enhancing psychological well-being of parents with mentally retarded children.
A semi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test and control group design were employed. The population consisted of 648 parents with mentally retarded children that 40 of them were selected via Convenience sampling. 20 parents who had scored lower on the both parental stress and psychological well-being scales were screened and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions (each 90-minute) of psycho-social empowerment. Data were collected through Frederick's Resource and Stress questionnaire and Riff's Psychological Well-being Inventory.
Data analysis using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that psycho- social empowerment significantly reduced the parental stress(p= 0/001) and enhanced the psychological well-being(p= 0/001) of parents with mentally retarded children.
Finally, the findings imply that the psycho-social empowerment program is an appropriate method for intervening in these parents psychological problems.