Journal of Dentomaxillofacil Radiology, Pathology and Surgery
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Winter 2018

Odontogenic cysts are osteodestructive lesions affecting the jaws. Odontogenic keratocyst is an odontogenic cyst with highly aggressive features. Multicystic ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor with more aggressive behavior than dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst. Invasion and metastasis of tumors require increased blood vessels during tumorigenesis. This study aimed to perform an immunohistochemical evaluation of blood vessels density by vascular endothelial growth factor expression.
This study was conducted on 16 odontogenic keratocysts, 18 dentigerous cysts, and 10 ameloblastomas. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor. Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis.
The highest percentage of cases with score 1 was observed in dentigerous cyst and lowest percentage was seen in ameloblastoma. The highest percentage of score 2 belonged to odontogenic keratocysts. No statistically significant differences were observed between dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastomas regarding the vascular endothelial growth factor expression (P=0.96).
According to the result of this study, no significant differences were seen between vascular endothelial growth factor expression in ameloblastomas and odontogenic keratocysts, although vascular endothelial growth factor expression was higher in odontogenic keratocysts compared to dentigerous cysts. Perhaps the high level of vascular endothelial growth factor expression is related to odontogenic keratocyst invasive behavior.

According to studies, high intake of fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced cancer incidence and mortality. The high levels of antioxidants in fruits and vegetables are believed to contribute in cancer prevention, possibly by inhibiting oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke, alcohol and vitamin E and vitamin C on oral mucosa and salivary peroxides in rats.
In this study, 128 rats in 16 groups were investigated. Cigarette-smoke-exposed rats were intermittently housed in an animal chamber with whole-body exposure to cigarette smoke until they were killed after 60 days. Their whole saliva was collected 1 day before exposure to cigarette smoke and then 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after the start of cigarette smoke exposure. The rats’ parotid salivary glands and posterior part of tongue were extracted on day 60. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA, Student t test, and Welch test in SPSS v.17.
The increase in body weight of the cigarette smoke and alcohol exposed rats was less than that of the control rats. The peroxidase activities and total protein content in the saliva were significantly lower in cigarette smoke and alcohol exposed rats than those in control rats. Histological examination of the salivary glands of cigarette smoke and alcohol exposed rats showed vacuolar degeneration, vasodilation, and hyperemia. Also, histological examination of the exposed rats’ posterior part of the tongue to cigarette smoke and alcohol use showed changes from mild to severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The vitamin E and C seemed to increase body weight and peroxides activities and total protein content in the saliva among smokers and alcohol use rats.
The study results suggest that cigarette smoke exposure has adverse impacts on salivary composition and salivary glands, which could harm the oral environment. Also, the results of this study showed that vitamin E and C both have some preventive effects against the harmful consequences of smoking and alcohol use. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of vitamin E was more than that of Vitamin C.

This study aimed to compare the Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of two bulk-fill composites versus a conventional resin composite.
In this study, 60 sound extracted human premolars were selected and sectioned horizontally from one-third of the coronal crown to expose dentin using a low-speed cutting saw. The dentin bonding agent was applied to all specimens, then they were randomly divided into three groups based on their corresponding composites: Group I: Bulk-fill packable (x-tra fil, Voco, Germany); Group II: Bulk-fill flowable (x-tra base, Voco, Germany); and Group III: Conventional (Grandio, Voco, Germany). Subsequently, composite samples with a diameter of 2.5 mm and height of 4 mm were prepared. Following thermocycling (1500 cycles, 5°C -55°C), SBS testing was performed by a universal testing machine. Then, the specimens were examined for the type of fracture (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) under a stereomicroscope at 20X magnification. Data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test in SPSS.
The highest bond strength was observed in group III (52.99±6.07) and the lowest bond strength was observed in group II (49.11±4.86). There was no statistically significant difference between the packable and flowable groups in terms of SBS (P=0.19). Statistically significant differences were detected between group I and group III (P=0.005) as well as group II and group III (P=0.000). The majority of the fractures observed in all three groups were of adhesive type.
Conventional composites produced significantly better results in comparison with bulk-fill composites as far as SBS was concerned. Therefore, it is advisable to continue the use of bulk-fill materials incrementally in dental treatment.

Hypodontia is one of the most common developmental anomalies. This study aimed to evaluate the variations of radiographic dental development in a group of Iranian children with dental agenesis.
This study evaluated 1230 Orthopantomographs (OPGs) for agenesis of permanent teeth obtained from the patients aged between 8 and 18 years. Then the difference between Dental Age and Chronological Age (DA-CA) of the samples with full dentitions and affected with dental agenesis were compared. Dental age was characterized by root and crown development according to Häävikko’s method and the chronological age was determined by subtracting the date of birth from the date of acquiring the OPG. The obtained data were analyzed using Independent t test.
The prevalence of tooth agenesis was 3.57% in study sample (59.10% females and 40.90% males). The mean (SD) of the difference between DA-CA of the hypodontia and control groups were 1.74(1.53) and 2.12(1.81), respectively. Regarding the results of Independent t test, there was no significant difference between hypodontia and control groups in terms of DA-CA (P>0.05). The Spearman test showed no correlation between delayed tooth development and hypodontia severity.
The development of permanent teeth in children with dental agenesis was similar to children with normal dental development. Also, there was no correlation between hypodontia severity and delayed tooth developments.

Monitoring the patient’s status is necessary during the surgical extraction of teeth, especially when the procedure is traumatic or the patient has psychological problems. Stress induced by pain during dental treatments can result in the secretion of endogenous catecholamines which in turn increases hemodynamic changes. The present study aimed to compare hemodynamic changes after using lidocaine-epinephrine and prilocaine-felypressin during the third lower molar surgical extraction.
In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 68 patients were selected and allocated into two groups. In group I, two cartridges containing 2% lidocaine, 1.8 mL and adrenaline 1.80000 were used. In group II, the subjects received two cartridges containing 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/ mL of felypressin. An anesthetic technique was used for the surgical extraction of teeth. For each subject, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured three times. The mean of these three measurements were compared with that measured at the first visit of the patient. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS V. 21. The Student t test was applied for comparisons.
Statistically significant differences were observed before and after using lidocaine-epinephrine in both sexes (P The findings of the present study showed that the hemodynamic effects were not significantly different in patients receiving lidocaine with epinephrine and those receiving prilocaine with felypressin.

This article reports a case who was treated with immediate replacement of periodontally compromised mandibular incisors using the extracted incisors as a natural tooth pontic. Following extraction and root resection of the mandibular incisors, radicular pulp was cleaned and filled with composite resin and then bonded to adjacent teeth with fiber reinforced composite resin. This is a simple, economical, and conservative chair-side technique for periodontally compromised teeth using the patient’s own extracted teeth and can be used as an interim or a definitive treatment.

Talon cusp is an odontogenic anomaly in anterior teeth, caused by hyperactivity of enamel in morphodifferentiation stage. Talon cusp is an additional cusp with several types based on its extension and shape. It has enamel, dentin, and sometimes pulp tissue. Moreover, it can cause clinical problems such as poor aesthetic, dental caries, attrition, occlusal interferences, and periodontal diseases. Therefore, early diagnosis and effective treatment of talon cusp are essential. Maxillary incisors are the most commonly affected teeth. However, occurrence of mandibular talon cusp is a rare entity. We report a talon cusp in the lingual surface of the permanent mandibular left central incisor, in a 7-year-old Iranian boy. To our knowledge it is the third case reported in Iranian patients. Also in this case, molar-incisor hypomineralization in permanent mandibular first molars and permanent incisors as well as delayed eruption of permanent maxillary left central incisor were observed. So far, there is no report about talon cusp with this type of developmental defect.