مجله پژوهش های بوم شناسی شهری
پیاپی 18 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution of service utilities and the layering of urban neighborhoods in Dehgolan, Kordestan province, with a social justice approach. The method of carrying out the research is descriptive-analytic and for this purpose, ANP models, the nearest neighbors, Moran and TOPSIS techniques have been applied. Also, the Super Decision has been used for ArcGIS software to perform this operation. The results of the research indicate that there is a social and spatial inequality in terms of having urban services and significant differences between the neighborhoods of Dehgolan so that the most affluent neighborhood with a degree of 0. 6 is far from the most deprived area with a 0. 05 degree.

The purpose of this study was to assess the spatial distribution of quality of life in neighborhoods of Ardebil district of two cities. The present study is an applied type. The statistical population of this study was 11th district of Ardebil city of Iran. Using Cochran formula, 385 people were selected as the statistical sample. In this research, socio-economic and physical indicators were extracted to measure urban quality of life, and the research methods were converted into genotyping method using Shannon entropy weighting method. VICOR multi-criteria decision making method has been used to analyze the research data. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between neighborhoods in terms of the spatial distribution of quality of life. Accordingly, the results showed that the neighborhood is the three most favored and in the first place, the neighborhood of nine deprived neighborhoods in terms of quality of life indicators are deprived.

The main objective of this study is the pathology of spatial distribution of elementary schools by using GIS in Ahvaz, District 3. This research is applied in terms of functional and descriptive-analytical nature, based on library studies and field studies. The required information was collected through studying and extraction from available resources and then the indexes were extracted. The weight of the indices was obtained by using a multivariate model (FAHP) and finally analyzed by GIS software. The results of the research have shown that the elementary schools of district 3 of Ahvaz are in relatively good condition in terms of spatial distribution. Of the pre-schools in District 3, 2 schools with 6. 25% of the total number of schools in the inappropriate range, 16 schools with 50% of the total secondary schools, 13 schools with 40. 6% of the total number of schools in proper condition, and only one school with 13. 3% of the total, schools in District 3 were in a perfectly fit position in terms of spatial location. Therefore, it is concluded that the elementary schools of the District 3 of Ahvaz are in a fairly decentralized position in spatial distribution.

The main objective of this research is to analyze the security of tourism and to identify the unsafe places of tourism in increasing the attraction of tourists to Hamedan province in 2016. The research method used in this study is descriptive statistics and geo-statistics techniques. The data of this research is provided through a survey. The statistical population consisted of 80 experts from the tourism companies of Hamedan province. In this research, the sample size was calculated on the basis of Cochrane's statistic and Morgan table. In the most practical manner, 66 experts from tourism firms were calculated. To detect the existence or absence of a spatial structure among the insecure tourist areas, Poison diagram of the variogram or was applied by using the land survey tool in the ARCMAP software. The results indicate that the distribution of unsafe spots is not accidental and not patterned, but they follow the spherical statistical model. Also, the results of the analysis of the research data indicate that there is a significant correlation between security of tourism and security of insecure centers with increasing attraction of tourists, so that Spearman correlation coefficient test is less than 5%.

In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the methodology of the researches carried out and the interpretation of their results using the combined research project and the research strategy. The statistical population of the study consists of 44 research articles focused on the subject of spatial justice in the period of 2005- 2015. They were selected through a total sampling method and analyzed separately for coding and breakdown. Following the selected studies, there are some methodological ambiguities, low quality of most studies and obvious results of the research. According to the findings of this research, the main study in this area includes quantitative articles with survey strategy, indexing methods, and using descriptive statistics of basic statistics and correlation analysis.

Since reconstruction projects are aimed restoration of identity and revitalizing the worn texture while preserving its social texture, maintaining social life and identity of the previous range is one of the challenges facing these plans. In order to investigate the effect of physical reconstruction interventions on the social sustainability of the elongated tissue, this study examined the social changes caused by the Majd reconstruction project in the Mashhad city district in terms of residents. To this end, using the qualitative and quantitative methods and completing 630 questionnaires from the residents of the neighborhood, the status of social sustainability indicators was measured before and after the project. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that changes in social sustainability indices from the point of view of the public, before and after the implementation of the project, are in many cases meaning that, in terms of residents, the level of happiness in the neighborhood after the project was reduced to 50%. Also, the willingness to attend the neighborhood has decreased by 10% and the factors creating insecurity have increased. In addition, the status of indicators such as the sense of roving, and social inhomogeneity, increase, and the desire to stay in the neighborhood have decreased with regards to the residents, this has reduced social solidarity to 60% in the neighborhood. The presence of strangers and tissue evacuation from old residents, which are indicators of social sustainability.

n this research, the role and place of furniture in urban spaces of Gorgan city has been analyzed and evaluated from the viewpoint of the citizens of this city. The main approach of this study is to study the subject and components of a combination of descriptive-analytical and surveying methods by completing the questionnaires in various regions of Gorgan. The statistical population of this research is citizens of Gorgan city in the year 1395. 384 of them were selected by using Cochran formula. The five-choice questionnaire of Likert scale was distributed randomly among them. A researcher-made questionnaire has been made the academic validity being confirmed by using the Crohn alpha coefficient of 0. 85. The results of the research show that urban furniture has an impact on the freshness and identity of urban spaces, physical and psychological well-being of citizens and the quality of urban spaces as well. Also, there is a positive and significant correlation between urban furniture variables and tourist attraction in Gorgan city as well as between urban furniture variables and urban tourism development.

For better human mobility and easier access in the city the growth and development the societies should create suitable physical space substrates for use all classes in public services. Physically disabled, and veterans, which are part of the society like other people need to access and use the public facilities and services. But, there are some challenges, particularly in terms of design, architecture and urbanism, so many urban areas, especially in public places, parks and green spaces don not have requirements conditions for access and the needs of people with disabilities. According to studies, the proper layout of urban spaces will ensure the sustainability of these spaces. Therefore, the present study investigates the quality of the pedestrian route from the viewpoint of the disabled in the streets of Imam, Kashani, Sardar, Ataee and Khayyam in Urmia.The type of research is applied and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical. In this research, four indicators (furniture, services, access and transportation) were reviewed and analyzed in 5 groups of people with disabilities (the blind, underprivileged, handicapped, deaf and veteran) in the Urmia city walkways. The required information in this study were collected through field observations and filling in questionnaires and for processing of the information, was done through SPSS software and for assessing and ranking indicators and studied groups, multi-criteria Decision Model (TOPSIS) was used. Findings indicate that access Index, highest utility and transport index, and the lowest utility has been within the standards of disabled pedestrian desirability. The results also indicate that pedestrian in the city of Urmia has the most appropriate design for low vision persons and has most unfavorable design for the deaf people.