فصلنامه پرستاری، مامایی و پیراپزشکی
سال دوم شماره 3 (زمستان 1395)

Introduction and Aim: Neural tube defects are among the common abnormalities of the central nervous system in neonates, which are often fatal and a global social medical problem. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neural tube defects in hospitals of Kurdistan province in the West of Iran.
Material and This prospective and descriptive study was conducted in all governmental hospitals of the province in the year 2011. All cases of neural tube defects that were born during the study were reviewed. Demographic, medical and obstetric information of the units was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire.
In one year, 27153 cases of birth occurred in the province, of which 46 had neural tube defects. The incidence of defects was 1.68 in 1,000 births. The majority of mothers (60.9%) were between the ages of 25 and 16 years, with no history of the current disease (89.1%) and abortion (88%). The distribution of various defects was described.
According to the results of the study, the incidence of neural tube defects in Kurdistan province is less than previous studies in other regions of Iran. This decline seems to be due to improvements in prenatal care and social awareness raising and mothers awareness raising over the last decade.

Introcuction and Aim: Clinical education is an essential part of nursing education. Using new methods of training and evaluation has recently been considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of education and assessment on the perceptions of nursing students from the clinical education environment using portfolio method and conventional method.
This is a semi-experimental study. The study population consisted of 7th semester students of Nursing School of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2016-17. Based on the planning of the faculty, 41 students were randomly selected in six groups and all three groups were randomly assigned to two groups of portfolio and conventional among six groups. Before and at the end of the course, student's perceptions of the two educational methods were assessed from the clinical education environment using the standard Dream Model questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 20 using independent t-test.
The results of the study showed that in the two areas of learning and the atmosphere governing the educational environment, the mean scores in the portfolio group were significantly higher than the conventional group and their difference was significant (P The results of the study show that the portfolio method is more effective than the conventional method in the clinical teaching environment as an educational tool.

Introduction and Aim: Clinical education is an activity that facilitates learning in clinical settings. In this process, students are working with their clinical instructors. The aim of this study was to determine the viewpoints of nursing and midwifery students about the specific characteristics of clinical teachers.
This was a cross-sectional study. The study population included nursing and midwifery students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, among whom 660 were selected as samples. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire. The first part of the study was demographic characteristics of the samples and the second part of the questionnaire included 47 items that included effective factors on personal character and professional competence in nursing and midwifery students. A quotient classification method was used to collect data. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used to examine the relationship between variables.
Findings: The highest and lowest mean scores obtained were 4.74 ± 1.32 and 4.37 ± 1.18 related to individual character and professional competence, respectively. The mean score of female students was higher than male students, and this difference was statistically significant (p The results of this study suggest that clinical educators should have characteristics such as appropriate personality, good teaching ability, strong professional competence, high communication ability and proper assessment of students.

Introduction & Aim: Neural tube defects are among the common abnormalities of the central nervous system in neonates, which are often fatal and a global social medical problem. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neural tube defects in hospitals of Kurdistan province in the West of Iran.
This prospective and descriptive study was conducted in all governmental hospitals of the province in the year 2011. All cases of neural tube defects that were born during the study were reviewed. Demographic, medical and obstetric information of the units was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire.
In one year, 27153 cases of birth occurred in the province, of which 46 had neural tube defects. The incidence of defects was 1.68 in 1,000 births. The majority of mothers (60.9%) were between the ages of 25 and 16 years, with no history of the current disease (89.1%) and abortion (88%). The distribution of various defects was described.
According to the results of the study, the incidence of neural tube defects in Kurdistan province is less than previous studies in other regions of Iran. This decline seems to be due to improvements in prenatal care and social awareness raising and mothers awareness raising over the last decade.

Introduction and Aim: Domestic violence is a general and universal problem that destroys the body of the family and society. It threatens the mental, physical, and emotional health of individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of domestic violence in pregnant women and its relationship with personal characteristics of women and their spouses at health centers in Sanandaj city in 2015-2016.
This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2015-2016 and 375 women who referred to health centers of Sanandaj for the first time after delivery were selected based on their purpose. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire completed by interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square test. P value less than 0.01 was statistically significant.
The results showed that more than 50% of women undergone domestic violence during pregnancy. 73.4% of the women in the study underwent psychological violence, 12.2% of them physical violence, 11.2% economic violence and 2.3% of them were victims of sexual violence. Also, there was a significant relationship between domestic violence and education level (P = 0.05), number of children (p = 0.05), number of married years (p = 0.01). Moreover, there was a relationship between level of education and career of spouses (p = 0.001) p) with domestic violence.
The results showed that violence is more likely to occur in lower social classes and low literacy level of society.

Today obesity and overweight are the major health problem all over the world. Obesity and overweight are related to biological factors, individual, social, economic factors, different cultural factors and feeding behavior. Physical activity is one of the important factors for health related quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Physical Activity and Some of demographic Characteristics among students in kurdistan university of medical sciences, 2017.
In a cross – sectional study 171 students were selected by systematic random sampling. A questionnaire was completed for all participants including demographic characteristics and Physical activity. Student's height and weight were measured and also body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Data were analyzed using chi- square test, t- test, ANOVA and, pearson correlation coefficient.
Of all participants 46.2% were male and 53.8% were female. Mean BMI of the students (n=171) was 22.46 and 3.57 of students had normal BMI. Regarding the level of physical activity 33.3% of students were active and 66.7% inactive. There was no significant relationship between physical activity, demographic characteristics and Body Mass Index. (p>0.05).
The majority of students had normal BMI. The results indicated that the level of physical activity was not sufficient among students. Therefore, it is necessary to have an education plan to educate students regarding life style modification.