نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، تابستان 1397)

Inroduction &

Artificial insemination in sheep is an effective way to improve genetic and reproductive management. One of the vital stages of artificial insemination is the protection of ram sperm during storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of different levels of trehalose sugar and different storage times in Tris-chicken egg yolk and Tris-turkey egg yolk extenders on Dalagh ram semen characteristics in liquid condition.

In this study, for semen sample collection four Dalagh rams in the age of 2- 3 years were used. The samples were diluted in different extenders, then received different trehalose sugar treatments. Semen samples were aspirated into 0.5 ml straws, and were transferred into the refrigerator (5°C). Then at different times, spermatozoa characteristics including percentage of motile and viable sperm and membrane and sperm normality were evaluated. This experiment was carried out in 4×3 factorial arrangement with the use of completely randomized design. Treatments were included different levels of trehalose sugar (0, 80, 100, 120 mM) and different storage times (0, 24 and 48 hours). The data were processed in Excel spread sheet environment and was analyzed by ANOVA procedure of Statistical Analysis System SAS (version 9.1). Comparison of data means were performed by Turkey test at the level of %1 error.

The results showed effects different levels of trehalose sugar and different storage times in Tris- chicken egg yolk and turkey egg yolk extenders on the sperm characteristics were significant (P

For Dalagh ram semen dilution, the use 120 Mm of sugar trehalose in Tris-turkey egg yolk extender at the early hours of storage in liquid condition is effective.

Inroduction & The licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is a perennial herb of the Mediterranean. The root of the plant is used as a food sweetener. The root extract of the plant contains glucose, sucrose, asparagine, albuminous materials, flavonoids, antioxidants and resins, which are used to treat various types of diseases including kidney damage, arthritis, inflammation of the large intestine, gastric and duodenal ulcer and cancer has been used. Glucocorticoid and non-steroidal drugs are commonly used to relieve inflammation, but these drugs have a lot of side effects, so the use of medicinal herbs to reduce inflammation is of interest to everyone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of licorice ethanolic extract root on NMRI adult male mice by using xylene and carrageenan tests.
Material and Mice were divided randomly into different groups (n = 6 per group). The animal administrated with saline, licorice extract (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) was used as positive controls.
The results of this study showed that the licorice ethanolic extract significantly reduced the ear edema induced by xylene. In addition, licorice ethanolic extract significantly reduced the foot edema induced by carrageenan.
Therefore, our studies support the use of licorice extract against inflammation caused by various disorders, although further research is needed to clarify the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of the plant.

Inroduction & At this time,Acipen serbaerii reared in fiber glass tanks to batten period in Iran, while we don’t have any study about stocking density optimum beforebatten period for Acipen serbaerii. aim of this study determined to survey effect of Stocking density on growth factors and stress hormones of fingerling and juvenile Acipenserbaerii reared in fiberglass tanks.
Material and In first and second study 700, 1000 and 1300 individuals with average weight of 2.93±0.083 gr were released to 9 fiber glass tank with stocking density of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 kg/m2and 350, 500 and 750 individuals with average weight of 9.31±0.18 gr with initial stocking density 0.8, 1.3 and 1.9 kg/m2were released in same tanks with three replicates. Fish fed in 3 feeding time to 5and 4 percent of body weight (BW) daily, respectively. In the end of feeding period, we received blood sample by syringe and measured cortisol hormone by Radioimmunoassay, while cholesterol and Glucose was measured by Spectrophotometry.
In first study (3gr), increasing of stocking density had significant decreasing on growth parameters, increasing of feed efficiency ratio and stress hormones, but in second phase increasing of stocking density don’t afford significant increase for stress hormones but growth parameters significantly decreased in fish reared in highest stocking density (1.9 kg/m3).
Result of this study indicated that Acipenserbaerii(3-9gr) have a sensitive to increasing of stocking density, but when fish reach to9 gr have higher tolerance against density and therefore possibility rearing of fish in high density were accessible.

Inroduction &

Diabetes is known as an inflammatory disease associated with metabolic disturbances. Tumor necrosis factor- Alpha is one of the main inflammatory cytokines and plays a central role in host defense, inflammation and immune function. The use of various medicinal herbs, including ginger, has been used to reduce the complications of inflammation from the past. In this study, the effects of various concentrations of ginger hydro-alcoholic extract on TNF-α gene expression in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were investigated.
Material and

Mesenchymal stem cells were studied in control group and six groups of treatment with ginger hydro-alcoholic extract at concentrations of 100 and 50 μg / ml at 2, 16 and 24 hours. mRNA of cells were extracted and after cDNA synthesis, TNF-α gene expression was investigated using q Real Time PCR. Using the expression level, the results were evaluated by t-test.

Samples treated with ginger extract at a concentration of 100 and 50 μg / ml for 24 and 16 hours showed a significant decrease for TNF-α gene (p

According to the results, this decrease in the expression of TNF-α indicates the long-term effect of this extract compared to its short-term effect of 2 hour. Therefore, the effect of ginger on the expression of TNF-α inflammatory gene is dependent on treatment concentration and time.

B>Inroduction & Due to the increased bacterial resistance to common antibiotics, there is tendency towards using herbal extracts in order to increase the non-specific immune system. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of hydroalkohalic extract of Ferula assafoetida on expression of genes related to immune (IL-1β and TNF-alpha) in Zebrafish.
Material and For this purpose zebrafish with average weight of 0.3±0.1 gr, were fed diets supplemented with 3 different levels of Ferula extract (0.5, 1 and 2%) and one control group for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, RNA extracted from intestine, cDNA syntesised and Real-time PCR were done using IL-1β and TNF-alpha primers.
Results showed the increase in expression of both genes in fish fed 2% Ferula, which was significant with other group (0.5% and 1%) in TNF-alpha (P0.05) among fish fed ferula extracts, though the highest gene expression was seen in 2% Ferula.
According to results, it seems that using Ferula assafoetida hydroalkohalic extract could improve Zebrafish immune with increase of relative gene expression of inflammatory cytokine.

Inroduction &

One of the most important complications of utilization of anti epilepcy drugs in pregnancy is increase of fetal abnormality. There are not enough information about teratogenic effects of topiramateon pregnancy on the fetal organogenesis. Hence‚ this study was designed to determine the macroscopic abnormalities created by topiramate during organogenesis of mousefetus.
Material and

In this study forty white small experimental mice (NMRI type) were divided in to three experimental groups (Ι¡Π ‚ III) and one control group. Three experimental groups received respectively50, 100 and 200 ml/kg/day of topiramateand the control group received normal saline with 0.2 cc volume from the day 6 (GD6) to day 14 (GD14) of pregnancy intraperitoneally (ip). The mice on the eighteen day of pregnancy were sacrifieed and fetus were studied after determination of the mean wight and crown-rump legth‚were examined macroscopically.data were analyzed by using SPSSstatistical software and ANOVA and LSDtests.

: In average weight in experimental group Ш compared with the control groups was seen a significantly reduction (P0.05).In the experimental groupsof Π and Ш the average crown-rump legth of fetus was significantly reduced compared with the control group(P0.05).A significant increase Was seenin the incidence of hemorrhage and fetal resorption in the experimental group of Ι‚ Π and Ш compared with the control(P0.05).In three experimental groupsthe number of fetus was significantly reduced compared with the control group(P0.05).

The utilization of topiramatein mouse during organogenesis stages is caused weight,crownrumpand number of fetusesreducation; too is caused fetal absorption andhemorrhage.

Inroduction & The sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) has several immense characters such as: it can tolarate wide range of temperature, salinity and DO in aquaculture. In addition to , it has several commercial importance in food industry, pharmaceutial as it can cure many diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum level of protein on growth performance and body biochemical composition of juvenile Holothuria Scabra in order to introduce stronger scabra for enhancing stock in releasing them into the sea and also for farming in aquaculture.
After transferring juvenile sea cucumber to 5000 liter tank in experimental location, they were fed with shrimp starter food for environment adaption.The physico – chemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, Do and PH were recorded twice daily (morning and afternoon).Four practical diets containing 10, 15, 20 and 25 percent protein in triplicate was designed .One hundred and forty-four yong scabra with initial average weight of 6±0.48 g were randomly distributed between 12 tanks of 300 l. They were fed daily three times (7 a.m,12,6 p.m) at satiation.
The results obtained indicated that with increasing protein level up to 25% level,BWI, FER, PER and survival rate were improwed and was showed significant with other treatments (P The study showed that the diet containing 25% protein level is suitable for growth and survival of sea cucumber.

Inroduction & Sardines and other Microfilidae have very important ecological role in marine ecosystems because they are first consumers in marine food chain Therefore there is a disturbance in the food chain in the marine environment and possibly a decrease in the population of fishes such as tuna. There are 10 species of Clupeidae in the Gulf and the Sea of Oman, among which genus Sardinella is dominant. Considering the significant climatic differences between the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible morphological variation and to create subpopulations in the distribution area of rainbow sardine species..
Material and During winter 90 and spring 91, 64 rainbow sardines were collected from Jask (Oman Sea) and Lengh (Persian Gulf) ports .Morphological traits were measured and recorded with 0.01 mm precision and digital scale with accuracy of 0.001 g. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of MANOVA, PCA main variables test and standard separation test using SPSS software.
Morphological analysis and variance analysis showed a significant cline at the level of P