نشریه مطالعات کاربردی تندرستی در فیزیولوژی ورزش
سال سوم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

One of the factors that influences the occurrence of pathological hypertrophy is the molecule cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) molecule. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of resistance exercise on serum cardiotrophin-1 levels, left ventricular hypertrophy and blood pressure in hypertensive elderly women.The subjects who voluntarily participated in the present study were chosen among elderly women who were suffering from hypertension. Therefore, 40 elderly women aged 50 to 70 years old were divided into two groups (control and experimental) based on body fat(20 pessnt) percentage and body mass(26kh.m2) index. The training program consisted of performing resistance exercises three times a week for 12 weeks. The control group had no training program during this period.According to the results, there was a significant difference between pretest-posttest cardiotrophin-1 (P=0.02) or diastolic blood pressure in the resistance exercise group (P=0.04). A significant difference was also observed between left ventricular wall thickness of post-tests (P=0.01).
The increased levels of cardiotrophin-1 in this study is most probably influenced by the time of performing physical exercise in the long term. The resistance exercise has led to increased levels of cardiotrophin-1 which can be very effective in the cardiac reconstruction and hypertrophy

Aims: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic training with and without L-Arginine supplementation on the level of reactive protein C serum and body composition in obese men.
: 20 male volunteers obese with body mass index 30-38/4 kilograms per of square meters in the form of a quasi-experimental design randomly assigned to in two homogenous groups include training L- Arginine supplements(n=10) and training-placebo (n=10) for each 6 mg per kg of body weight were replaced. The volunteers in a period of 15 sessions of aerobic exercise with 65 to 85 percent HR max participated. Body composition and c serum levels of reactive protein in both groups before and 12 hours after the last training protocol were measured.
Body composition and level of serum CRP in both groups before starting exercise protocol and 12 hours after the last training was measured. Also from descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and from independent and paired t-test in and significant level was 0/05 assessed.
Body fat percentage only in training in addition to L-Arginine supplementation significantly form was found reduced. While reactive protein C serum in both groups significantly decreased. However, the results showed that the rate of decline reactive protein C serum. In addition to supplements significantly more than the placebo group (P >0.05).
It is recommended to obese men in order to improve body composition and reduce general inflammation along with aerobic exercises use L-Arginine supplements

This study examined the changes in serum levels of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory factors and Irisin immediately, 24 and 48 hours after an acute session of resistance exercise in young men. In this semi-experimental study, 10 sedentary male (mean age 19.45±2.8 years, height 174.86±4.25 cm and a weight of 67.73±3.5) voluntarily participated. Power maximum bench press 1RM test subjects were measured. For statistical analysis was used of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test. The results showed that 1RM test leads to rising levels of Irisin, IL-6 and TNF- immediately after exercise test. The findings showed that 24 hours after the test session Irisin, IL-10 and TNF- levels was in high level. 48 hours after the test session just IL-10 showed differences significant (P0.05). The results showed that the use of an acute session of resistance exercise can cause elevated Irisin and some inflammatory factors levels in sedentary individuals, which may be effective factors to controlled fat and overweight. Although we must notice to elevation of inflammatory factors levels and negative effects.

Absteract: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence offemale athlete triad and its relation to the level of physical activity in national teams. In this study,from 353 present individuals in 25 sport fields, only from National Teams, 284 individuals have voluntarily filled the questionnaires related to eating disorder, menstrual disorder, osteoporosis and physical activity. For studying the correlation between variables Spearman correlation test was used. The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of female athlete triad in nationalteams includes 7.7% of the whole present athletes. Also the prevalence of eating disorderwas24.7%, and amenorrhea 27.1% and the risk of osteoporosis in 4% of athletes was low, 47.3% moderate,38.7% high, and 10% very high. There was a very weak correlation between physical activity and each of the triad components, but the correlation between physical activity and the risk of osteoporosis(p

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a short-term nigella sativa supplementation on superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels in response to a boat of aerobic exercise in male volleyball players.
13 mail volleyball player students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (aged 22±2 years, body fat 15±8% and VO2max= 45±7 ml/kg/min) participated in this study. At the beginning all subjects participated in an aerobic exercise protocol with 75% VO2max on the treadmill for 30 minutes and then received 43mg/kg/d nigella sativa powder for 21 days. After 21 days of supplementation period, the protocol was repeated. Blood samples were obtained before and after each protocol to determine malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and Lactate. Data were analyzed by ANOVA repeated measure and LSD tests using SPSS20 at α≤0.05.
The results showed that one bout aerobic exercise with increasing level of lactate values necessary to create the oxidative pressure and SOD values also has increased. Was also shown, short-term nigella sativa supplementation had no significant impact on the levels of base of Malone dialdehyde (P 0.05 >) But although supplementation had no effect on the SOD level in exercise response it before and after short-term nigella sativa supplementation (05/0 These data indicate that aerobic exercise can increase blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and supplementation with nigella sativa could not significantly attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress in men

Exercise can induced production of free radicals. Then HSPs and another factors for example MAD release in peripheral circulation and another tissues oxidative stress. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 14 days vitamins C supplementation on , HSP70 ,MAD and TAC after one bout acute exercise training in active girls. Methodology and Materials: Investigation statistical subject were thirty active female .They randomly assigned in 2 groups. Serum levels of HSP70 , MDA and TAC measured before supplementation, after 14 days supplementation and after exercise. All data are expressed as means±SEM and analysis of variance 2×3 and Bonferoni test was used for post hock (50/0 ≥P ). The results showed that the level of MDA decreased and TAC increased with 14 days supplementation , but the changes of HSP 70 did not significantly . Our data presented show that human skeletal muscle responds to the stress of a single period of exercise training. Therefore, two weeks vitamin C supplementation have deceased , lipid peroxidation on plasma membrane and the destruction affective of oxidants and improvement capacity antioxidant total.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks HIIT training in the conditions of hypoxia and normoxia on liver enzymes levels and lipid profiles in overweight women. Subjects consisted of twenty inactive overweight women that were randomly and equal assigned into two groups, HIIT training under normoxia conditions (age: 27.70 ± 3.164 and BMI: 26.2 ± 91.064) and HIIT training under hypoxia conditions (age: 27.20 ± 3.32 and BMI: 27.1 ± 36.49). Both of groups performed HIIT training for six weeks and three times a week with intensity of 90% Peak oxygen consumption. Blood samples were obtained 48 hours before and after six weeks of HIIT training. Data was statistically analyzed by dependent and independed t-test, with a 0.05 significance level. The findings showed that the level of aspartate aminotransferase in pretest and posttest of both groups decreased significantly, but the levels of alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein only in the hypoxia group significantly decreased. Therefore HIIT training in hypoxic conditions possibly effective in liver health and prevention of diseases associated with obesity and overweight and it's an appropriate training for inactive and obese individuals

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two methods of Iso-distance continuous and intermittent exercise training on appetite and body composition in overweight and obese sedentary girls. Twenty six overweight and obese girls who were resident of Shahed university dormitory were purposefully selected and randomly assigned into following Iso-distance groups: interval exercise training and continuous exercise training. Each Group performed their own protocol for 8 weeks, 3 times per week with specified intensity and distance. Before starting the protocol and 24 hours after the last training session, appetite, percentage of body fat, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and maximum oxygen uptake were measured at same condition. Data were analyzed using Paired sample t test and analysis of covariance. The findings showed that neither interval and nor continuous exercise training protocol had a significant effect on appetite (p>0.05). Also, two exercise training protocol significantly reduced percentage of body fat (p=0.377), body mass index (p=0.372), waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.509) and waist circumference (p=0.242), but the difference between groups was not significant (p>0.05). It seems that eight weeks of continuous and interval exercise training had no stimulatory or suppressive effect on appetite. Also, when the protocols are Iso-distance interval and continuous exercising training had similar effect on body composition of overweight and obese sedentary girls.