Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:23 Issue: 8, Aug 2018

Depression is a common medical condition with a high prevalence leading to emotional abnormality. Despite some drawbacks, depression currently diagnosed using a combination of patient interviews and self?report questionnaires. Recently, there is emerging emphasis to establish biomarkers to diagnosis and clinical management of depression. Tis case–control study was designed to develop microRNA (miRNA)?based serum biomarker for depression.
In this study, 39 patients with depression and 36 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum miRNAs gene expression was measured using real?time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis; fnally, the data represent as the 2–?Ct followed by further statistical analysis.
Te serum level of miR?16 was signifcantly (P Our fndings showed that these miRNA can be used as a biomarker of depression diagnosis. MiR?135a and miR?1202 exhibited better sensitivity and specifcity, respectively.

Myelosuppression is one of the frequent side e?ects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Granulocyte?colony stimulating factor (G?CSF) and pegylated G?CSF are used for the prevention of neutropenia after chemotherapy. Pegylated G?CSF has longer half?life of action and can be used as a single dose in comparison to G?CSF. Te aim of this study is to compare the grade of cytopenia and side e?ects between G?CSF and biosimilar pegylated G?CSF in breast cancer patients treated with dose?dense chemotherapy.
In the cross?over clinical trial study, 24 women with breast cancer were randomly divided into two groups and treated with dose?dense chemotherapy. Te frst group was treated with single dose of 6 mg biosimilar pegylated G?CSF 24 h after the frst course of chemotherapy and the second course was followed by 300 µg daily injection of G?CSF for 6 days. Te chemotherapy regimen was combination of doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2. Te second group was treated with G?CSF after the frst course and pegylated G?CSF after the second course. Cell blood count (CBC) and side e?ects were evaluated 1 and 2 weeks after both courses of chemotherapy.
In this study, no signifcant carryover e?ect and treatment e?ect about the CBC parameters was found between pegylated G?CSF and G?CSF. Patients who were treated with biosimilar pegylated G?CSF had signifcantly higher side e?ects such as bone pain (P = 0.09) and gastrointestinal e?ects (P = 0.005) in comparison to G?CSF.
G?CSF and biosimilar pegylated G?CSF are e?ective in reducing cytopenia in breast cancer patients treated with dose?dense chemotherapy, but side e?ects induced by pegylated G?CSF (Pegagen) are higher.

Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and considered as a major risk factor for cardiac disease. We attempted to investigate the role of oral antidiabetic (OAD) agents gliclazide and metformin in lowering the lipid peroxidation and managing the risk for cardiovascular (CV) complications in diabetic patients in comparison with nondiabetic healthy individuals.
Tis cross?sectional study was comprised of 150 individuals grouped in three, namely, Group A (n = 60) healthy volunteers, Group B (n = 30) newly diagnosed diabetes, and Group C (n = 60) diabetes treated with OAD. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and Vitamin C were assessed for studying lipid peroxidation status, whereas serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol were monitored as predictors for CV risk.
We found signifcantly higher concentrations of MDA and NO levels (P Our data confrmed that treatment with gliclazide and metformin signifcantly reduced the lipid peroxidation accompanied with attenuated levels of serum TGs and cholesterol and suggested that oral hypoglycemic agents have great impact to reduce the oxidative stress and increase the antioxidant status in diabetes.

First?degree relatives (FDRs) of hypertensive (HT) are predisposed to hypertension (HTN) which accelerates cardiovascular aging. Same can be studied noninvasively by pulse wave analysis (PWA), encompassing central hemodynamics such as central blood pressure (cBP), cardiac output, and stroke work (SW) and vascular sti?ness parameters such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index at HR 75 (AIx@75). We studied PWA?derived cardiovascular parameters in FDRs of HT compared to controls.
We conducted a case–control study in 119 FDRs of HT and 119 matched controls. Oscillometric PWA was performed by Mobil?o?Graph (IEM, Germany) and cardiovascular parameters were compared. P Groups were comparable with gender, age, height, weight, body mass index, and physical activity. FDRs of HT had signifcantly higher brachial and cBPs, SW (101.41 ± 25.44 vs. 88.31 ± 20.25, P = 0.001), rate pressure product?119.40 ± 25.34 vs. 108.34 ± 18.17, P PWA reveals early cardiovascular aging in young FDRs of HTs. It clues to future cardiovascular disease including HTN itself, need for primary prevention, and further study for consolidation of these results.

Tis study aimed to assess the serum serotonin levels in the newly diagnosed fbromyalgia (FM) and to relate these levels to the presenting signs and symptoms.
Tis case–control study included 35 healthy women (Group I) served as controls and 130 women with newly diagnosed FM (Group II). Te diagnosis of FM was confrmed by the diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology?10. Te assessment of pain using a revised fbromyalgia impact questionnaire and tender points scoring, blood platelet indices, and serum serotonin levels were determined.
Group II patients had signifcantly (P Newly diagnosed FM women have signifcantly low?serum serotonin levels, which does not correlate with a signifcant increment of the platelet activity expressed as increase MPV and platelet width distribution percentage. Terefore, this study highlighted that the correction of serum serotonin level by medicines could help the patients.

We assess the potency of different Doppler indices in the differentiation of obstructive and nonobstructive hydronephrosis.
In this study, infants and children who were referred for the evaluation of unilateral hydronephrosis were enrolled. Ultrasonography for the assessment of the degree of hydronephrosis and a voiding cystourethrogram for the exclusion of vesicoureteral re?ux was performed. Ten, Doppler ultrasonography was done for both kidneys of each patient using four classic Doppler indices as well as the di?erence (delta) of each index between to kidneys. Diuretic renography with 99 mTc?ethylene dicysteine (99 mTc?EC) was performed for each patient.
Tirty?nine patients met the inclusion criteria. After diuretic renography, 29 (74.35%) patients had shown a nonobstructive pattern, and ten (25.65%) patients had a partial (intermediate) or complete obstruction. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, none of the classic indices of Doppler duplex (i.e., resistive index [RI], resistance index, end diastolic velocity, and peak systolic velocity) had the ability to make a di?erence between obstructive and nonobstructive hydronephrosis. However, by calculating the di?erence (delta) of these indices between two kidneys of each patient, delta RI could di?erentiate the nonobstructive condition, signifcantly (P = 0.006). A cuto? value of 0.055 has 60% sensitivity and 82.8% specifcity. Te area under the ROC curve for delta RI is 0.795 (standard error: 0.086, 95% confdence interval [CI]: 0.626, 0.964). Furthermore, RI ratio between two kidneys of each patient could di?erentiate the nonobstructive condition, signifcantly (P = 0.012). A cuto? point of 1.075 has 70% sensitivity and 82.8% specifcity. Te area under the ROC curve for RI ratio was 0.769 (standard error: 0.104, 95% CI: 0.565, 0.973).
Tis study shows that RI ratio and delta RI with a high specifcity could di?erentiate nonobstructive hydronephrosis and therefore it is a promising way to use especially in the follow?up of children with hydronephrosis.

Vitamin D has an important role in bone metabolism but recently has been recognized as an immunoregulator, and this has led to investigations on the e?ect of Vitamin D supplementation in various autoimmune diseases and its anti?in?ammatory e?ects. Tere is some evidence that Vitamin D can regulate gastrointestinal in?ammation. In addition, previous studies have shown that Vitamin D can a?ect the gut microbiome. Te aim of this review is to evaluate the e?ect of Vitamin D on in?ammatory processes, especially its relation to the in?ammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gut microbiome. Tere is some evidence that Vitamin D can regulate gastrointestinal in?ammation, with epidemiological studies showing that individuals with higher serum Vitamin D have a lower incidence of IBD, particularly Crohn’s disease. Vitamin D changes transcription of cathelicidin and DEFB4 (defensin, beta 4) that can a?ect the gut microbiome. Several cell types of the immune system express Vitamin D receptor, and hence the use of Vitamin D in immune regulation has some potential. Furthermore, Vitamin D defciency leads to dysbiosis of gut microbiome and reported to cause severe colitis. Vitamin D supplementation is low cost and available and can be a therapeutic option.

Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor mostly diagnosed in middle?aged women. In a 63?year?old female, the radiological fndings showed cavitation in the left upper lobe of the lung and infltrative tumor mass around the left pulmonary artery. PAS consisted of small, round tumor cells with about 80% of mitotic activity and with myxoid background and specifc immunoprofle and diagnosed as undi?erentiated sarcoma with round cell features type. Te fnal diagnosis of PAS was established according to the pathohistological, chest computed tomography scan, and surgery fnding.