نشریه مسائل اجتماعی ایران
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 24، بهار و تابستان 1397)

This study aimed to investigate the social and cultural alienation among students of Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj. Alienation generally means negative orientation of conflicted feelings, feeling of meaninglessness, feeling of being withdrawn from self, and hatred toward social values. In this study, the theory of alienation, theory of social capital and theories of sociology of religion were applied to form the theoretical framework and the hypotheses. Using self-administered questionnaires, data were collected based on the library- survey method. The population of the study comprises all students of Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj branch. Using stratified sampling method, 392 students were selected from the related faculties. The results indicated that the social alienation of students based on indicators such as the feeling of powerlessness, self-alienation, cultural alienation and anomalies were less than the average; however, sense of meaninglessness among students was above the average. Furthermore, the average for the social capital, social satisfaction, religiosity and decision-making power was higher than the average while cultural capital, using global media (satellite and the internet) were lower than the average. The test results indicate that there is a weak inverse correlation between the aforementioned variables (all variables except for the student's use of the global media) and alienation of students. The multivariate regression analysis showed that these variables could determine 0.187 percent for the total variance of variables. The effective variables are decision-making power, national identity and cultural capital, respectively.

Present research aimed to study the effects of organizational justice on the organizational commitment, focusing on the mediating role of organizational identity. The statistical population includes all working nurses at Kerman city public hospitals. Also the sample includes 396 subjects selected through stratified sampling. Results of structural equation modeling showed that the distributive justice and interactional justice did not have direct effect on organizational commitment but had indirect effect through organizational identity. The findings indicated that the main variables of research, including distributive, interactional justice and organizational identity -identification, pride and respect- explain 72 percent of the variances of the organizational commitment.
Generally, the results obtained through statistical calculations show that the nurses’ judgments on the received resources and also their evaluations of the fairness of the supervisors’ and hospital administrators’ treatments is a key determinant in strengthening organizational identity. In fact, the fair treatment of the hospital administrators increase nurses’ sense of oneness and belonging to hospital, improve their worth and status in the work groups and hospital. it provokes the sense of pride among the nurses as the valuable members of the nursing team, too. Moreover, the findings revealed that organizational identity which is composed of three dimensions, including identification, sense of pride and respect, predict higher levels of organizational commitment. Also, the findings provide convincing indications about the importance and role of organizational identity in explanation of organizational commitment and support the application of the identity- based models in nurses’ organization setting.

Various explanations are offered about the consumption of goods and services. This study has investigated the sociological explanation of consumption with a new reflexive perspective and has focused on its moral dimension in the citizens’ everyday actions. There are two main goals in this study; the first one is identifying the role of morality in the everyday consumption patterns and the second one is the investigating of the governmental-citizenship interactions on the morality of consumption. By adopting deep semi-structured interview among Urmia citizens, data were collected from 20 informants and by using coding process the authors found that not only there is a lack of attention to morality in consumption choices among the participants but also there is a kind of protesting behavioral pattern regarding structural and governmental policies that is named “reflexive consumption”. Reflexive consumption indicates that current consumption pattern among citizens is a reaction to government’s poor performance in environmental issues and lack of environmental friendly policies in macro level decision making. Reflexive consumption here is a kind of passive political consumption. In a paradigmatic model, casual conditions, predisposing factors and selective strategy that lead to core category are classified.

Nowadays attention to the environment is important in all parts of the country especially in rural areas. Therefore, environmental protection is considered as a public social responsibility that everyone, including the villagers contribute to. Villagers connect to environment and natural resources through their lifestyle and activity. Present study was conducted in spring 1395 with the aim of analyzing the social responsibility of villagers regarding environmental sustainability. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical methodology was used using library resources and field study (survey and questionnaire tool). The statistical population of the study consisted of 213 rural households in four districts of Khaf city. A randomized stratified sampling method was used to collect data using a researcher-made questionnaire, which was based on indicators and components of the five dimensions of social responsibility extracted from theoretical literature. Findings of this study indicate that rural households are poor in environmental, ethical and social dimensions, moderate in economic dimension, and good in legal aspects. Also, using Cooper's prioritization model, villages were ranked based on their level of social responsibility. The village of Mazraeh Sheikh obtained the highest score and the village of Barbad was ranked second. In other words, villagers living in these villages have more responsibility toward environment. Thus it can be said that in existing conditions, preservation of the environment has not formed as a social and moral concern and collective behavior among villagers. Such a situation could be due to the weakness in strict and principled implementation of environmental laws and lack of environmental awareness in rural environments.

Economic and administrative corruption make governmental policies inconsistent with benefits of the majority of society and waste national resources. Thus study and research in this regard, recognizing grounds that lead to corruption and its consequences, specially studies done by independent civil centers, is necessary because without knowing the problem, every countervailing measure taken, leads to dead end. Present qualitative study, is dedicated to investigation of social grounds effecting spread of corruption. the main goal of present study is to investigate the role of individual, characteristic, social, cultural and organizational factors in corruption committed. Deep interviews were conducted using qualitative methodology at management level in municipalities and banks of Tehran (Saderat and Pasargad Banks). Data was analyzed with thematic method. Findings showed that five main themes can be categorized under the title of ''the most important social grounds for commitment of corruption'': Religious and ethical commitment, institutional trust, family favoritism, civil freedom, and unacceptability of corruption in society. Based on findings economic and administrative corruptions would occur through people’s lack of religious and moral adherence, lack of work conscience and professional ethics, lack of institutional trust with decrease in job satisfaction and organizational commitment, trust reduction and job deviation, lack of transparency and free circulation of information due to lack of civil freedoms, existence of administrative systems based on kinship relations which cause some unlawful matters such as embezzlement, favoritism, selling the secret organizational information and etc., and finally lack of corruption’s disapproval in society.

Current research patterns and analyzes representations of gender stereotypes in Persian rap music. This study uses qualitative content analysis method and reviews 95 Persian rap songs using non-probabilistic and purposeful sampling method. Related categories of gender stereotyped in Persian rap are thus identified and analyzed.
There are three identifiable major categories and ten sub categories. The main issues in women's representation in the Persian rap are "Woman in Subordinate Position" (with subcategories of Traditional mother, girl victim in acute social conditions, men’s preferred role for women and failed woman) and "Cheating Woman" (with sub-categories of girl as Sexual Subject and Faithless lover) and men are also in the main category of "man in an upright position" (with the subcategories of friendly relations based on masculinity, role of the father in the family, fathers’ acute social conditions, Masculine authority, Profit-oriented man) in the Persian rap, and their themes can be analyzed in line with existing gender stereotypes.
In a final analysis, many of the Persian rappers’ songs are masculine and their audience are men. In these poems, a woman under patriarchal intellectual space and dominant gender stereotypes in society is unconsciously ignored as a goal and subject, and basically, women, their identities and their concerns do not have a place in these poems. Even in a lot of social songs and Persian rap protest songs The expression of women's issues in the Iranian society has been expressed in male perspective, which can be said to lead to the reproduction of the same unequal social structures in society against women.

Present study aims at typology and motives of murder convicts in Rasht Lakan prison. By means of qualitative method, this research conducted 10 individual and 3 as a group in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using grounded theory approach. Results showed that there are two main types of murder: exposure murders and deliberate killings. Major objective and subjective reasons for murder include conflict, financial disagreements, divorce, drug addiction, obscenity, lack of basic life skills, company of bad friends, expressing masculinity, honor killing, lack of understanding of the consequences of crime, nervous impulses, excruciating delinquent, failures and frustrations of life. All the above categories can be united under the central core category of "weak control in social bonding process". Results show that because of weakened traditional institutions, means of informal social control have lost their ability to prevent crime and people are facing individualization of violence.

Voluntarily effort to evaluate one’s own function, self-criticism and to improve achievements is the prominent feature of any kind of scientific activity. Thus, the editorial board made the decision to review the performance of the Journal of Social Problems of Iran over 2004-2017 using content analysis research method.
Collected information has been organized based on journal development trend, articles’ content, journal accreditation and finally authors’ and reviewers’ features. Generally speaking, journal of social problems of Iran has considerably improved in terms of qualitative and quantitative criteria, although it is required to improve its status in impact factor and quartile standard especially in comparison with other similar journals.
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