مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در گزارشگری مالی
پیاپی 12 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

In this paper, by developing a set of algebraic- theoretical models, we propose some empirical models for determination, measurement and control of the firm-specific characteristics which theoretically can affect accrual-generating process. We expect the degree by which working capital accruals change following any given shock to sales is affected by these firm characteristics. Using a sample of 2001-2016 annual data of firms listed in TSE, we show that an increase in the degree of heterogeneity in generation of accruals within a specific industry results in an increase in the measurement error of the Jones model, which is measured as the absolute value of its residuals. Other findings also document that the model proposed in this research, which we run it using pooled data of 17 industries and time series data of 200 firms, increases the explanatory power of observed variables, which is likely because of its specification of characteristics affecting accrual-generating process.

The inflationary recession is a subject that today is considered as a major challenge in the Iranian economic environment. In this economy, major equipment and allocation of resources are made by the banking system. So, the main problem in this research is the incomplete disclosure of some financial and non-financial information of banks due to lack of a systematic pattern. The corporate citizenship reporting shows that how banks play their role in society. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a model for financial and non-financial reporting in banks by indexing of the Corporate Citizenship Reporting. This research is applied, descriptive and survey. Data analysis was performed using LISREL software, multidimensional structure and confirmatory factor analysis. The final pattern consists of four dimensions, fifteen components and ninety indexes that can be used as an innovative model for financial and non-financial reporting of Iranian banks.

The quality of disclosure of information in financial statements in protecting of investors' interests and reducing information asymmetry plays an important role in the transparency of the capital market. Empowered executives have more aware of the state of firm and industry and in different situations can signal to capital markets by increasing the level of disclosure of information and reduce the agency cost .In this research with sample consisted of 520observations (firm-year) listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2010- 2015 to explore the relationship between disclosure quality and manager's ability with emphasis on conservatism .The findings show, managers' ability has a positive and significant impact on the quality of information disclosure and negative and significant relation to the quality of information disclosure. But there was no evidence of conservatism influence on the relationship between manager's ability and disclosure quality.

Disclosure of information as an element of financial reporting system is affected by many factors of organization: among these factors, organizational concentration is very important. Because we have expected in the decentralization organization, with the development of accounting information systems, disclosure of information extensively aggregated. Therefore purpose of this study is an investigation the impact of organizational centralization on both forms of disclosure of information (mandatory and voluntary). In this regard with data collection related to the organizational concentration of the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange by questionnaire of Robbins's organizational centralization in 2015, the effect of organizational centralization on the disclosure has been studied. The results show that organizational centralization has affected on mandatory and voluntary disclosure of information is very significant, and information disclosure level is reduced to more centralized organizations. This finding help to development of literature related to factors affecting the disclosure of information, also its help manager in making good decision in the organization and finally it helps in transparency of information and improved economic decision-making.

According to agency theory, state-owned firms have severe agency problems and conflicting objectives. The aim of this paper is to explain the effect of government ownership on the relationship between real earnings management and future performance of companies listed in TSE. This explanation made using financial information of 1035 firm-years and the panel data method in multivariate regression model. The findings of this study show that the government ownership has significant negative effect on the real earnings management and the real earnings management has significant positive effect on the future firms’ performance. Also, the effect of the government ownership variable on the relationship between real earnings management and future firms’ performance was studied. The findings show, that government ownership has significant positive effect on the relationship between real earnings management and future performance with proxy of future operating cash flows. Also, government ownership has no significant effect on the relationship between real earnings management and future performance with proxy return on equity of firms. State-owned firms tend to follow political goals and rarely follow maximizing profit. Government involvement in these firms usually leads to their inefficiency. However, government ownership and affiliation will result in access to information rents and other economic advantages for firms.

Changes in information available on corporate financial statements are critical to investors as one of the most important sources of information for decision making. As much as the range of financial statement items changes, it indicates the risk of information. In this paper, for the first time, the relationship between the audit committee and the entropy of financial statements has been investigated in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the data for 80 companies (320 years-companies) have been investigated in the years 2012 to 2015. The hypothesis test has been performed through ordinary least squares multivariate regression. The measurement of audit committee through variables of size, expertise and independence of audit committee and changes in financial statements by entropy and continuum entropy variables of Renny. The results show a decrease in the entropy of financial statements when the independence of the audit committee increases. Also, the strength test of the findings of this research shows that regardless of the size of companies, this relationship exists in the companies listed in TSE.

In this research, we tried to study the main objective of the research, the mechanism of analysis of investors' sentiments and accounting information on stock market prices, through the effect of investors’ sentiments on expected earnings growth rate and hierarchical regression method. To measure the investor sentiment index, we used a composite index consist of five microeconomic, and two macroeconomic measures to reduce macroeconomic effects. To achieve this goal, the data of 560 companies during the financial periods from 2009 to 2016 is used. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between investors' sentiments and expected earnings growth. The results also showed that the sentimental behavior of investors reduces the impact of accounting information on stock pricing. In addition, the results of further analysis also showed that interaction effects of investors' sentiments and accounting information have a positive and significant relationship with stock price.

In this research, we tried to study the main objective of the research, the mechanism of analysis of investors' sentiments and accounting information on stock market prices, through the effect of investors’ sentiments on expected earnings growth rate and hierarchical regression method. To measure the investor sentiment index, we used a composite index consist of five microeconomic, and two macroeconomic measures to reduce macroeconomic effects. To achieve this goal, the data of 560 companies during the financial periods from 2009 to 2016 is used. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between investors' sentiments and expected earnings growth. The results also showed that the sentimental behavior of investors reduces the impact of accounting information on stock pricing. In addition, the results of further analysis also showed that interaction effects of investors' sentiments and accounting information have a positive and significant relationship with stock price.

This paper deals with the effect of type of auditor's opinion on the stability of dividend and free cash flow. The statistical sample included 102 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange(TSE) during the years 2012-2016. The required data have been collected from Compact CD of Rah Avard Novin and Codal. Data analysis has been performed using Eviews9 software. In the study, a multivariate regression model and panel data method were used. The type of auditor's opinion has been considered as independent variable and stability of dividend and free cash flow as dependent variables. In order to study the relationship between mentioned variables, two hypotheses were developed. The results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between the type of auditor's opinion and the stability of dividends, and there is a positive and significant relationship between the type of auditor's opinion and free cash flow.