فصلنامه حقوق اسلامی
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 54، پاییز 1396)

In spite of the fact that hypothecation of interest Iran's present legal system is invalid, many of the lawyers and jurists views its correctness as probable but in the decisions of this group of jurists and lawyers, there is no clear explanation about the details and orders and formalities of this legal action. This subject was expounded in the former paper. This is while the common law of the contemporary era, ignoring the meticulousness of legislators, is moving towards securing and ensuring the bargains and claims by interests of properties. This practical tendency will undoubtedly require systematic and codified regulations in this regard so that undue diversity in procedures can be prevented. Considering it, this study is an attempt to propose some regulations concerning mortgage of profit of properties.
In the previous article, the mortgage of profit in the stage of "conclusion" was investigated. Here, we will embark upon the solemn formalities and orders of the enforcement phase by extracting some already ratified rituals related to the enforcement of mortgage of properties themselves and other similar regulations

Nuclear weapons as the first result of the use of nuclear energy has high efficiency to end war and to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity. Nevertheless, it can lead to wide and mass killings and large-scale of human, animal and environmental waste and its damaging consequences may expand in terms of space and time. This ethical challenge caused the issue of its production, stockpiling and use in various arenas of war be put to discussion in ethics, law and security and strategic science from the early days of the production of these weapons.
The multiplicity theories were raised to justify the ethical challenges arising out of use of nuclear weapons and to address humanitarian concerns in Fiqh and law in war. The theory of "double effect" in law was launched in war the theoretical foundations of which, in the context of Islamic law, can be seen in the notion of "separation of intention and act in the use of Amm al-ihlak and Amm al-ifsad weapons and attacks". the permissibility ofthe use of nuclear weapons may be justified, based on thesetheories, referring to the lack of intention of their users for themassive killings and destruction. same literature and foundations raised on these two theories has made the context for giving same arguments to justify the use of nuclear weapons. This article attempts to review and criticize arguments and foundations of these theories by defining their content, principles, requirements and multiplicity approaches.

The purpose of this article is to get acquainted with the concept of the sense of judicial justice and the explanation of the characteristics and criteria of its existence in society. This research is based on the library method and the review and analysis of the views expressed on the sense of judicial justice. The sense of justice is not mean the excitement, but is the sense of the existence of justice in the context of judicial review. This sense is affected by many factors, many of which are irrelevant to the process of handling. But in any case, the interaction and the judicial organization will have the greatest impact in creating this sense. According to some authors the commitment of individuals to court sentences is an indication of the existence of a sense of judicial justice. But the commitment of community members to trusting and tending to the judicial system and moving in the legal logic is a general criterion and includes the idea of a sense of judicial justice in society.