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Applied Research in Water and Wastewater - Volume:4 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2017

Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/04/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Azam Akhbari, Amir Hossein Zaji *, Hamed Azimi, Mohsen Vafaeifard Pages 281-289
    Weirs are installed on open channels to adjust and measure the flow. Also, discharge coefficient is considered as the most important hydraulic parameter of a weir. In this study, using the Radial Base Neural Networks (RBNN) and M5' methods, the discharge coefficient of triangular plan form weirs is modeled. At first, the effective parameters in the prediction of the discharge coefficient are identified. Then, by combining the input parameters, for each of the RBNN and M5' methods, six different models are introduced. By analyzing the modeling results for all models, it was shown that the M5' model is capable of modeling the discharge coefficient more accurately. Also, based on the modeling results, a model that considered the impact of all input parameters was introduced as a superior model. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficients (R2) values for the preferred model in the test mode were calculated 2.774 and 0.831, respectively. Also, for each of the M5' models, some relationships were proposed to estimate the triangular plan form weirs. The evaluation of these relationships showed that the parameters of the ratio of head over the weir to channel width (h/B) and Froude number (Fr) were the most effective parameters in the prediction of the discharge coefficient.
    Keywords: Triangular plan form weir, Discharge coefficient, Radial basis neural networks, M5? method, Sensitivity analysis
  • Sultan Noman Qasem, Isa Ebtehaj *, Hossien Riahi Madavar Pages 290-298
    Flow through open channels can contain solids. The deposition of solids occasionally occurs due to insufficient flow velocity to transfer the solid particles, causing many problems with transfer systems. Therefore, a method to determine the limiting velocity (i.e. Fr) is required. In this paper, three alternative, hybrid evolutionary algorithm methods, including differential evolution (DE), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system are presented: ANFIS-GA, ANFIS-DE and ANFIS-PSO. In these methods, evolutionary algorithms optimize the membership functions, and ANFIS adjusts the premises and consequent parameters to optimize prediction performance. The performance of the proposed methods is compared with that of the general ANFIS using three different datasets comprising a wide range of data. The results show that the hybrid models (ANFIS-GA, ANFIS-DE and ANFIS-PSO) are more accurate than general ANFIS in training with a hybrid algorithm (hybrid of back propagation and least squares). Among the evolutionary algorithms, ANFIS-PSO performed the best (R2=0.976, RMSE=0.26, MARE=0.057, BIAS=-0.004 and SI=0.059).
    Keywords: ANFIS, Differential Evolution (DE), Genetic Algorithm (GA), non-deposition sediment transport, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
  • Akbar Safarzadeh *, Babak Khaiatrostami Pages 299-304
    Water supply from rivers is accomplished with flow diversion through an intake structure. A lateral intake like bifurcation is the simplest method to withdraw water. However, flow at a channel bifurcation is turbulent, highly three-dimensional (3D) and so has many complex features. This paper reports a 3D numerical investigation of these features in an open channel flow. Simulations have been done on rectangular channel geometry, with smooth bed and sidewalls. The standard k-ɛ, k-ω model of the Wilcox, and RSM turbulence models are compared using the commercial code FLUENT. The simulation results have been compared with available experimental data. It was found that all of the turbulence models tested here accurately predicted velocity profiles in the main channel but in the branch channel, the RSM model with the k-ω model performing better than the k-ɛ model. Predicted flow physics are in close agreement with previously reported experimental results.
    Keywords: Dividing flow, CFD, Secondary flow, Turbulence model, Sediment Transport
  • Arash Azari *, Milad Asadi Pages 305-313
    In the simulation models of water resource systems, calibration processes should be performed to approximate the simulated values to the observed values due to the errors in such models. However, due to being time consuming and the difficulties associated with manual calibration, an automatic calibration model can be a resolver. In this research, the simulation of Jareh Dam and network system was conducted using the WEAP model. Then, by linking this model to the NSGA-II algorithm, its automatic calibration was performed by this algorithm. Nach statistical parameter was used to check the calibration accuracy of the model. The whole system was in the form of a multi-objective NSGA-II algorithm, in which the first objective function, which was to minimize the difference between the observed and the calculated reservoir storage volumes, was assessed versus the second objective function, which was to minimize the difference in the calculated and the simulated discharges, at two Mashin and Jokank stations. The results showed the remarkable ability of NSGA-II algorithm for automatic model calibration, so that the operation status of the dam and river was of the greatest consistency with reality.
    Keywords: Calibration, WEAP Model, Jareh Dam, Network, NSGA-II
  • Nafiseh Aghababaei * Pages 314-318
    Reverse osmosis (RO) has proven to be an efficient technique for desalination of seawater, brackish water, and reclaimed wastewater. However, the performance of RO desalination is sensitive to its design parameters and operating conditions. The purpose of this study was to modeling the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) and Rejection of different ions are reported from water of city of Bandar Abbas. The main purpose of this work was the prepared drinking water intrusion model. In this study, a design method based on a simulation technique has been developed for optimizing RO desalination systems. The design is made with the use of Hydranautics design software version 2011. In this paper main focus is on the design part with software. The desalinated water obtained from reverse osmosis at a pressure of 1.2 MPa showed rejections of approximately 88.49 % for SO4 2 −, 61.42 % for TDS, 70.34 for Cl- and 50.85 for Na+. It shows that software gives accurate design with least possible error and user friendly so world while accepted. Blended water, produced by mixing groundwater and surface, was proposed to optimize the produce drinking water with a recovery rate of 95 %. Reverse osmosis is an excellent alternative for the supply of water in Bandar Abbas.
    Keywords: Desalination, Process Design, Reverse osmosis, Salt rejection, Water treatment
  • Maryam Habibi, Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh *, Mandana Akia Pages 319-330
    The degradation of an industrial wastewater (Tire Cord factory) with low BOD5/COD ratio (0.1-0.2) was investigated using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (i.e. hydrogen peroxide, UV/H2O2, O3/H2O2 and UV/O3/H2O2 treatments). In order to investigate the effects of influential variables on the process performance, four independent factors involving two numerical factors (initial H2O2 concentration and initial pH) and two categorical factors (ozonation and UV irradiation) were selected. The process was modeled and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The region of exploration for the process was taken as the area enclosed by initial H2O2 concentration (0-20 mM) and initial pH (3-11) boundaries at three levels. For two categorical factors (ozonation and UV irradiation), the experiments were performed at two levels (with and without application of each factor). Two dependent parameters (TCOD removal and BOD5/COD ratio) were studied as the process responses. As a result, initial H2O2 concentration showed a reverse impact on the responses; an increasing effect at low concentrations (0-10 m mol/l) and a decreeing effect at higher concentrations (10-20 m mol/l). The maximum and minimum the responses were obtained at H2O2 concentration of 10 and 20 mmol/l and initial pH 3 and 11, respectively. O3/UV/H2O2 system showed better performance with 32 % for TCOD removal efficiency and 0.41 for BOD5/COD ratio.
    Keywords: Tire Cord wastewater degradation, Advanced oxidation process, O3, UV, H2O2
  • Yonus Yosofi, Ali Almasi, Seyyed Alireza Mousavi * Pages 331-333
    Oil refinery wastewater as the most polluting industrial wastewater contain various hydrocarbons and sulfur with its derivatives and can cause problems in biological systems by the production of sulfuric acid. Variations of amount of sulfur depending on bioreactor condition such as temperature, pH, microbial activity and other factors. This study focused on determining variations of sulfur in anaerobic ponds for treatment of oil refinery wastewater. Samples were taken every 6 days during eight consecutive months and the type of sampling was 24-hour composite. This means that each sample is composed of 12 samples in 24 hours. 40 samples were taken from inlet and outlet of anaerobic stabilization pond for measuring sulfate, sulfide and sulfur, so a total of 240 samples were analyzed in this study. The results of the study showed that removal efficiency of COD and BOD were obtained 43 % and 24 %, respectively. Variations of sulfide and sulfur were obtained 4 % and 44 %, which increase respectively, but for sulfate have shown 15.8 % reduction. It can be said that sulfate-reducing bacteria have had significant activity to produce sulfide and sulfur form and decrease of the amount of sulfate in bioreactor.
    Keywords: Wastewater oil, Anaerobic stabilization ponds, Sulfate, Sulfur, Sulfide