نشریه روان پرستاری
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، امرداد و شهریور 1397)

Increasing the prevalence of Dementia is one of the consequences of aging, Due to the nature of Dementia and high level of dependency, taking care of these patients’ leads to mental disorders in family caregivers. On the other hand, the existence of these disorders makes the family functioning disturbed. Hence, evaluating family functioning can be a suitable tool to predict family mental health. The evaluation of Anxiety in caregivers of elderly patients with dementia and their relationship with the family function was the aim of this study. This methodological study was a correlation one. 150 family caregivers of the elderly suffering from Dementia referring to Iran’s Alzheimer's Association in Tehran by sampling in 1394-95 and according to Inclusion criteria were selected. caregivers' anxiety and their family function was measured through the Zung Anxiety Inventory and family functioning McMaster Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, variance analysis, Scheffe post hoc test and multiple stepwise regression analysis using SPSS 19 software. 19. 4% ٫and 1. 3% of studied family caregivers of elderly suffering from Dementia had mild anxiety, and severe anxiety respectively. Family function in these patients was found in all dimensions except for the problem solving; also, there was a negative and significant relationship between all family subscales and carers' anxiety (P <0. 001). The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis to predict anxiety on the dimensions of family function and underlying variables indicated that behavioral, economic status and health status were able to predict the variance of carers' anxiety. According to the prevalence of Anxiety syndrome in caregivers of patients with dementia and the relation between families functioning with Anxiety, evaluating dimensions of family functioning as one of the important indicators of Family Therapy and Education can improve these caregivers’ health.

Promoting hope among patients with breast cancer is of significant importance. Several studies have proposed various methods to increase hope among chronic patients. In this regard, the current study aimed at determining the effect of Benson’s relaxation technique on hope among patients with breast cancer. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 patients under chemotherapy at Velayat Hospital of Qazvin during three months in 2016 to 2017. Using a convenience sampling method and a randomized complete block design, the samples were randomly assigned to two groups, i.e. an experimental group (50 people) and a control group (50 people). A questionnaire on demographic and disease-related information and Herth Hope Index were filled by both groups before implementing the intervention. The experimental group received two sessions of the relaxation technique before initiating the chemotherapy. Three months later, the Herth Hope Index was completed again by both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test, a t-test, and an ANCOVA carried out via SPSS23. Results of this study showed that, after conducting the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between mean scores of hope obtained by the patients assigned to the experimental group (38.8 ± 4.1) and the control group (36.4 ± 3.8) gained by modifying hope scores of the patients before carrying out the intervention (F =3.9, P = 0.04). According to the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that using Benson’s relaxation technique has an effective application in promoting hope among patients with breast cancer. Therefore, conducting further studies to examine this issue is recommended.

Depression is one of the most common disorders in adolescence, which causes many problems, especially in the educational and social fields. Therefore, improvement of psychological characteristics of these people has been considered by many therapists. Psychologists believe that the importance of communicative skills during adolescence is such that its absence can be a serious threat to this group. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of communication skills training on academic self-efficacy and social phobia in adolescent females with depression. The present study was experimental with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The statistical population consisted of all secondary school students in district 1 of Khorramabad, studying in the academic year of 2017, of which 40 had high-depression scores. A multi-stage cluster was selected and randomly assigned to two groups of control and intervention (each group with 20 participants). The intervention group received 10 sessions of 70 minutes of communication skills training, and the control group was placed in the waiting list. The groups completed the Gink and Morgan academic self-efficacy questionnaire and the Conservative Social Phobia Scale as a pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS-21 software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the test and intervention groups in the post-test phase between the educational self-efficacy and social fears. In other words, communication skills training increased depression in adolescent female’s self-efficacy and reduced social Phobia (P < 0.01). Regarding the effect of communication skills training on academic self-efficacy and social phobia, it is recommended for counselors, therapists, and clinical psychologists to use this method to increase academic self-efficacy and reduce social Phobia in depressed adolescents.

Nursing students experience a lot of stress during their education, which is associated with psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, stress, and depression. The aim of this study was to examine depression, anxiety, stress, and associated factors among undergraduate nursing students in Hamadan Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. In this cross-sectional study, 342 undergraduate nursing students from Hamedan University of Medical Sciences were selected with the Census sampling method, during year 2017. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of 21 questions for measuring stress, anxiety and depression, and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample consisted of 165 (48.2%) male and 177 (51.8%) female students. The mean (SD) age was 21.77 ± 3.11 years. Overall, 52 (15.2%) students of the first semester and 220 (64.3%) were residents of the dormitory. The findings showed that the mean and standard deviation of students' scores in the dimensions of stress, anxiety, and depression were, respectively, 8.39 ± 6.27, 4.99 ± 5.24, and 5.39 ± 6.22. In other words, 21.9% of the respondents reported mild to extremely severe symptoms of depression, 16.1% stress, and 28.7% anxiety. Also, there was no significant relationship between the scores of psychological symptoms and age, educational term, and dwelling place, yet there was a significant relationship between the level of anxiety and gender; the level of anxiety in females was higher than that of males, and there was no significant relationship between stress and depression, and gender. Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent among undergraduate nursing students. Planning for the promotion of mental health with the aim of prevention and timely therapeutic interventions in nursing students' education is essential.

Mothers with mental retarded children deal with a number of psychological problems and challenges. New psychological interventions, such as positive psychology, have concepts and elements that help mothers improve their hope and resiliency in facing life problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychology on the hope and resilience of mothers with mentally retarded children. This research had a semi-experimental design and pre-test-posttest with a control group. The research population included all mothers with mentally impaired children in Rofaydeh Hospital of Tehran, during year 2017. Thirty were selected by targeting sampling and then randomly assigned to two groups, experimental and control. The two groups responded in two stages: pre-test and post-test to Responder Questionnaire by Canner and Davidson (2003) and Schneider et al. (1991). The experimental group received 10 positive psychological training sessions. Data were analyzed by covariance test and SPSS software version 20. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test of hope scores (19/66 ± 4/99) and post-test (25 ± 4/20) (P = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the pre-test of resiliency scores (51.66 ± 13.54) and pre-test (57.06 ± 13.54) (P = 0.005) of the experimental group. These changes were not found in the control group. According to the research findings, therapeutic and educational positive psychological interventions could improve hope and resilience of mothers with mentally retarded children. This intervention could be recommended by family counselors at rehabilitation centers for mothers with special needs children.

The effects and harmful effects of personal, social and cultural harm and dependence on addiction to cannabis have led the community to prevent, stop and prevent the recurrence of the drug. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive self-management education on improving the self-identification needs (autonomy, competence and perceived relationship) of cannabis patients. The present study is a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design with control group. The sample consisted of 40 subjects who were randomly selected from among those who were referred to Dezful Health Care Detention Center and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (each group was 20). The intervention group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes undergoing cognitive dyslexis training and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The groups completed the scale of self-diagnostic needs of Syribo et al. In the pre-test and post-test phases. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and single-variable (ANCOVA) using SPSS-21 software. The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups. In other words, cognitive self-censorship education has been effective in improving the self-determination needs (autonomy, competence and perceived association) of cannabis patients (P <0.05). Regarding the effect of cognitive self-censorship training on improving the self-determination needs (autonomy, competence and perceived communication), it is recommended that patients with hashish be used by the relevant authorities in the field of addiction and psychologists to use this method to increase the self-determination needs of cannabis patients.

Anxiety and stress are of the major problems in the daily lives of emergency medical staff. The experience of these stressors and their complications can reduce the work quality and the desire to continue cooperation. One of the coping strategies when confronted with these conditions is to use a resilient approach. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of stress management training on resilience and anxiety of emergency medical staff. The current quasi-experimental study was conducted on medical emergency staffs worked at 176 urban and rural emergency stations affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Eight 45-minute stress management training workshop sessions were held for the intervention group. Before and after intervention, the Conner and Davidson resilience scale and the Spielberger anxiety inventory were completed for both groups. Paired samples t test, independent samples t test, the Mann-Whitney, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and covariance analysis were used in SPSS version 16 for intra- and inter-group comparisons. In the current study, 82 medical emergency staffs with the mean age of 28.2 ± 3.4 years and mean work experience of 5.2 ± 2.7 years were enrolled. The results showed that stress management training in the intervention group caused a significant increase in resilience score (P < 0.001), a significant reduction in the mean state anxiety score (P < 0.001), and a decrease in the mean score of hidden/trait anxiety (P < 0.001). Stress management training can play a considerable role in reducing anxiety and increasing the resilience of medical emergency staff. Since the lower job stress can lead to providing better clinical services, it is necessary to use these useful strategies to reduce occupational stress and increase resilience in medical emergency staff.

As the key element of each family, females play a pivotal role in the mental health of the family and the community. Females, more every other family member, suffer from the consequences of substance abuse. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of group logo therapy on resilience of spouses of male substance abusers and consequently improving mental health in them and their families. The current clinical trial with a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up design and a control group was conducted on the spouses of male substance abusers referring to private addiction treatment centers in Langroud, Iran; of which 33 subjects were randomly allocated to two experimental (n = 17) and control groups (n = 16). The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of group logo therapy with a six-day interval. The control group received no intervention during this period. Then, the two groups were re-evaluated for the resilience score. The Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire was used as a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up data collection form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS version 21. The results generally demonstrated that the effect of group logo therapy on resilience of the subjects in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.0001). The results of the current study were consistent with those of other similar studies indicating the effectiveness of group logo therapy in increasing the resilience of spouses of male substance abusers.