Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Jun 2018

When a method is unusual, the intention is very strong and then prevention becomes a big challenge; although, suicide is a preventable public health problem.

The author aimed to look into unusual methods of suicidal attempts so that they can be considered in the formulation of prevention strategies.

A search was done in PubMed, PubMed Central, Google, Google Scholar, and BanglaJOL with specific searching key words between 2000 and 2017. Eventually, 23 articles were selected purposively for review.

Nine suicide cases were reported as unusual poisoning, eight attempts were by violent methods, four by stabbing, and another four by unusual asphyxia. The mean age of the victims was 39.96 years, ranging from 17 to 80 years old, 68% being male. A total of 18 (72%) respondents died by the act, while 28% were saved from fatal attempts. Of the victims, 36% were found to have mental disorders, i.e. 28% had depression, 4% had schizophrenia, and 4% had bipolar 1 disorder. Seven cases had notable risk factors and two had a history of previous attempts.

Adult males are more prone to use unusual methods. Males used violent methods more than females, whereas females used more unusual poisoning methods. Asian and south Asians used more poisoning methods than those from other parts of the world

This study aimed at comparing the profile and personality traits of compulsive/heavy Internet users with that of average users. This study employed the causal-comparative research design. The population of the study consisted of 9800 students of Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, out of which 189 male students were selected through multistage cluster sampling. The selected sample responded to Young’s Internet dependency test, the NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) as well as the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI). The data was analyzed by means of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results indicate that compulsive/heavy Internet users that underwent psychological profile measurement, using MMPI, obtained significantly higher scores in hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychasthenia and schizophrenia, yet they obtained lower scores in hypomania. Moreover, it was shown that compulsive/heavy Internet users compared with average Internet users obtained higher scores in personality traits, such as extraversion and neurosis yet lower scores in conscientiousness and agreeableness. The profile and personality traits of compulsive/heavy Internet users compared with that of average users are different in some respects and indicate malevolence in some cases, which justifies addressing these traits.

Dialysis is a chronic and agonizing disease, the prevalence rate of which is constantly increasing. In addition to physical damages caused by it, this disease leads to mental disorders and damages in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role of hope for the future and psychological hardiness in the quality of life among dialysis patients.

This descriptive study is followed by a correlational-predictive design. The current study had a statistical population including all dialysis patients in Zabol. Among these patients, 66 people were selected as a sample using a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were World Health organization quality of life assessment, Kobasa psychological hardiness questionnaire, and Snyder hope scale. Data were analyzed via SPSS 16 using a Pearson correlation coefficient and a stepwise regression analysis.

Correlation results indicated that there were significant and direct correlations among quality of life, hope for the future, and psychological hardiness (P < 0.05). Results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that psychological hardiness played a role in predicting these patients’ quality of life. Among its three subscales, the subscales of challenge and control were able to explain 16% of variances in quality of life. Moreover, hope for the future had a role in predicting these patients’ quality of life and among its two subscales, the subscale of agency alone was able to determine 8% of variances in quality of life.

Given the results obtained from the present study, it can be concluded that to move towards a better future, dialysis patients’ quality of life can be promoted by increasing these patients’ suffering-tolerance threshold, hardiness, and hope

The exposure of patients and radiation workers to ionizing radiation is evaluated in most cases on the basis of risk versus benefit. Any unnecessary exposure of the entire community is an unacceptable risk. The purpose of this paper was to assess medical interns and residents’ awareness of radiation protection in pediatric diagnostic imaging. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 medical interns and residents. Data collection was done using a questionnaire prepared according to a literature review, with confirmed validity and reliability. After collecting and scoring the questionnaires, the data were extracted and analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The participants’ awareness of pediatric diagnostic imaging was 75.55% and awareness of the principles of biological effects of radiation was 62%. There was a significant difference between the awareness of residents (59.16%) and that of interns (52.22%) (P = 0.01). The results for the two groups also showed that there was a significant difference between the level of knowledge about the dose received during imaging in both male and female groups (P = 0.04). Based on the results, in order to reduce children’s exposure to radiation, it is recommended to enhance the awareness and knowledge of general and specialized medical students at universities and hospitals through retraining courses