مجله مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1397)

The scientific and research laboratories at universities of medical sciences use a variety of chemical and biological materials. Various people, including the laboratory staff, students, and faculty members, are exposed to these materials, and various respiratory and dermatological symptoms may occur in these people. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use and control of such chemicals in the laboratories of medical university. In this study, we investigated 43 chemical hoods in laboratories at universities of medical sciences. The technical specifications of the hoods and their compliance with the standards were investigated. The amount of hood suction was measured by using Flow visualization and the face velocity of the hoods using a thermal anemometer. The results were analyzed by SPSS software, version 19. 51.2 percentage of the hoods in terms of hardware and 44.2 percentage in terms of locations had inappropriate conditions. Maximum of face velocity was 96.16 ft/min. The results showed that 50.2% of the hoods had visible leakage. The mean face velocities were not suitable in any of the hoods when they were fully open or 50% open. These velocities were appropriate only when the hoods were 25% open. Most hoods had inappropriate conditions, and their face velocities were low, mainly due to inadequate fans. Further investigation and correction of technical problems are needed. Also, the performance of the hoods should be evaluated annually

One of the factors that affects the rate of adsorption and removal of pollutants is the level of bed surface. Today, the use of active carbon substrates, synthetic zeolite such as Y and ZSM-5, are of great efficiency due to their high surface. In this research, diatomite modification was carried out using chemical and thermal processes to increase the bed surface and also the amount of adsorption capacity. After washing with distilled water the crude sample of diatomite was purified with 1 M solution of hydrochloric acid in two stages of 6 hours under the temperature of 70 degrees and finally it was calcinated at the temperature of 750 degrees for 4 hours. Eventually, its characteristics’ such as Specific surface area, the pure distribution, sorption – desorption isotherms and its adsorption capacity was studied. Acid refinication increases the specific surface area 2.2 times compared to an example of which only washed with deionized water. Furthermore, the rate of SiO2 reached 88 %. By calcinating the sample, the specific surface decreased 16.4 % and crystalline structure Increased. The results of XRF and XRD indicated that most of diatomite combination was respectively cristobalite, quartz and feldspar. And also the amount of adsorption capacity at Break point and saturation after modification was respectively 131% and 97% increased. results indicated that with the modification of diatomite, and its calcinating at the temperature of 750 degrees, surface area and adsorption capacity increased, but did not increase significantly compared to the existing substrates such as active carbon and synthetic zeolite types and its Requires to more study

Job stress and satisfaction and factors affecting on them are from important social issues and since the unexpected risks that cause job stress in military personnel is more than other activities, so the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and satisfaction in military personnel with structural equation modeling. In this analytical and cross-sectional study, 55 military personnel were recruited randomly. Data were collected using two questionnaires HSE job stress and police job satisfaction. Data after importing to software Spss20 were entered to software LISREL version 8.8 to modeling. In this study, the highest percentage of stress (65.5%) was observed in low-level and the highest percentage of satisfaction (89.1%) was in satisfied level. Age, marriage, educational level and job type were reported from the factors that effect on job stress and satisfaction. Also, based on model, job stress can predict 47% of job satisfaction in military personnel. support of officials, proper relation between competitors and clearly the responsibility of staff have an important role in reducing job stress and also job promotion, empowerment, participation of employees, facilities and services, appreciation and salary and benefits are including the most important factors in satisfaction of the military personnel

Activities and tasks of Manual Material Handling (includes lifting, carrying, lowering, pulling and pushing) are very common in work environments. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and comparative evaluation of Manual Material Handling using of Snook Tables and NIOSH equation Methods in Stone cutting workshops. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 workers in stone cutting workshops in 2017. Snook Tables and NIOSH Equation methods and general Nordic questionnaire were used for the assessment of Manual Material Handling duties and the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders, respectively. Finally, these two methods were compared in terms of agreement on risk assessment. The results showed that the 48% of the workers had experienced pain at least once during the past year with highest frequency in the low back (48%), elbows (44%) and shoulders (36%). Loads of weight were more than the recommended weight limit (RWL) obtained from the NIOSH equation and the tables were Snook. The evaluation results of both methods showed that the risk level was high in the different workshops. Comparison of two methods showed that the accuracy of two methods for risk assessment are quite different. The results showed that prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is high among workers and ergonomic measures is necessary to improve working conditions. It seems that NIOSH Equation has higher accuracy and stricter than Snook Tables in the risk and RWL estimation

Although occupational stress is a common symptom in all occupations, it is more important for health workers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and job burnout among employees of the health network. This is a descriptive-analytical and correlation study. The statistical population of this study was all health care workers in the city of Asadabad, with a sample size of 214 people, in the year 1394-95. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires: Osipow occupational stress and Maslach job burnout, by stratified sampling method. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis and SPSS 20 software. The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between job stress and job burnout (r = 0.579 , p- Value= 0.0001). However, the relationship between job stress, job burnout and the underlying variables of the subjects, including age, sex, work experience and education level, are not significant in single-variable analyzes. Th result of linear regression also indicate that the relationship between job stress and burnout is not significant with any of the underlying variables. The result of linear regression show that there is a boundary relationship between age and burnout. Considering the results, it seems that the application of strategies for decreasing occupational stress and reducing burnout will improve the quality of service delivery to clients and provide welfare and promotion of the level of life for staff of health care networks

However, the increasing advances in technology have greatly reduced the physical presence of manpower in the workplace, but in many work environments, man is still the most important and, at the same time, the most critical element. A slightest human error due to unsafe actions in most of occupational environments, can lead to a disaster.
Material and The current qualitative case study was conducted to identify and evaluate human error in the entire mine's related tasks in 2016. In the first section of this study all the tasks were studied using HTA and then related possible errors were assessed using ATHEANA method. HTA technique proved that mining operations were composed of 9 main tasks and the explosion being analyzed as the main scenario.According to ATHEANA technique the possibility of human error for each of basic event was calculated as 0.001.Due to the fact that there were 13 base events and the occurrence probability of each of them was estimated at 0.001, finally the total possibility of human error in mining operations was calculated to be 0.013. The results of this study showed that the explosion in a mine has five sub-tasks that spark of cigarette wrappers, hand grasping and the inappropriateness of size and material, respectively, with the probability of defect of 0.004 and 0.003 were most probable errors. Therefore, it is recommended that managers and authorities take the necessary measures in order to protect the health of them and reduce the risk of human error and environmental conditions

  Hundreds of millions of patients are affected by nosocomial infections worldwide each year, leading to significant mortality and financial losses for health systems. Maintenance of adequate indoor air quality Air (IAQ) at hospitals is critical to the prevention of these infections. Evaluation of IAQ can be performed by bioaerosol sampling and particle counting. The current study aimed to quantitative evaluation of bioaerosol concentration and particle counting in various wards rooms at a hospital in Qazvin province. In This descriptive-analytic study, 7 wards’s air of the hospital were studied. Air samples were taken according to the NIOSH standard instructions and Anderson procedure at flow rate of 28.3 L/min per 10 minutes on TSA, and sabarose dextrose agar media. The samples were incubated then counted and determined in term of CFU/m3. The particulate matters were measured using China Way CW-HPC200(A). The lowest mean of fungal and total concentration was observed in pathology and laboratory and the highest concentration was detected in ICU and CCU ward. The mean of the PM2.5 and PM0.3 was 189 n/m3 and 100499 n/m3. Spearman test just showed significant correlation between the total microbial concentration and PM0.3 (P=0.003). Our results showed that bioaerosol concentrations in hospitals were higher than outdoor, might be related to the presence of patients, their activity, unsuitable ventilation and disinfection. Therefore continuous monitoring, promotion of hygienic disinfection standards and ventilation systems are needed to improve the IAQ especially in the hospital wards

  The highest aerobic capacity (VO2max) is one of the criteria that can be used to create a balance between work and worker. To maintain the health and physical capacity of individuals, as well as to increase production and profitability, physical work capacity (PWC) can be used to put individuals in jobs proportional to their capacities.
Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 women working in hospitals aged 21-49 years old. Individuals were evaluated by a single-stage Ebbeling test. A questionnaire about general health, job fatigue and job satisfaction was used, along with a treadmill. Data were analyzed by SPSS V22 software using the Pearson correlation and t-test. According to the results, the highest aerobic capacity, physical working capacity and general health were 38. 89 ± 1. 85 ml. kg-1. min-1، 4. 10 ± 0. 47 Kcal/min and 25. 43 ± 12. 09 respectively, and mean and standard deviation of fatigue and job satisfaction scores were 85. 87 ± 32. 35 and 57. 48 ± 13. 01 respectively. In this study, there was a significant relationship between VO2max and age, weight, body mass index (BMI), fatigue and job satisfaction. According to the results, since fatigue and job satisfaction are related to workers' VO2max, it is recommended that, in addition to considering the aspects of physical fitness in the workplace, special attention should be paid to mental aspects, since they affect the physical and, consequently, the productivity of workers