فهرست مطالب
Journal of Health Reports and Technology
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Jul 2018
- تاریخ انتشار: 1397/04/06
- تعداد عناوین: 5
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Page 1BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which can be lethal in most cases. About 7 million people are infected with TB worldwide. The disease is a major health challenge in developing countries and also in several parts of Iran. Ninety-five percent of 3 million deaths caused by TB annually occur in developing countries. Bearing in mind concerns by WHO about a lack of TB statistics in Iran, this survey aims to study the epidemiology of tuberculosis from 2006 to 2015 in Salmas, Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out on the data obtained from personal health records of 3195 people who were referred to the community health center in Salmas from 2006 to 2015. Patients participated in the study by filling out a checklist. Data was analyzed statistically using version 21 of SPSS software. Chi-square, t-test and the Cochran-Armitage χ2 test for trend were performed.ResultsOut of a total of 3195 patients, 84 patients (42 male and 42 female) were identified as smear-positive; 42 smear-positive patients were from the urban areas (50%) and 42 patients from the rural regions (50%). Of all TB cases, 64 patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (76%), while 20 patients suffered from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (24%). The TB incidence rate was 0.16.ConclusionsThe present study shows that there is a decline in pulmonary tuberculosis incidence rates in Salmas but extra-pulmonary TB has shown an increase as a results of poverty, population dynamics, inadequate healthcare, failure to control the diseases, income inequality and physio-psychological stress. Medical care delivered by health providers on a monthly basis is expected to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in the city in the near future.Keywords: Pulmonary, Epidemiology, Statistics, Tuberculosis
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Page 2The present study used the fecal coliform and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) tests to evaluate the efficiency of solar disinfection in inactivating fecal coliforms in the drinking water of the rural communities of Kamyaran County, Kurdistan, Iran. The fecal coliform and HPC tests determined the bacteriological content of the samples to be approximately equal to 1100 MPN/100 mL and greater than 200 CFU/100 mL, respectively. The contaminated water was subjected to solar radiation under a similar exposure time in 3 different bottles: Bright glass, dark glass, and PET (plastic bottle). The dark bottle glass conferred a more desirable disinfection efficiency than did the other 2 bottles, probably on the strength of its superior ability to accumulate the solar heat and light by restricting light passage and, thus, to inactivate higher values of fecal coliform and HPC bacteria.Keywords: Water Disinfection, Solar Radiation, Bottle Material
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Page 3Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important public health challenge. This report studies the burden of COPD and its risk factors in the Iranian population.
MethodsThis study has used the data from a study by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) on the disability adjusted life year (DALY) of COPD and its risk factors in Iran in 2016.
ResultsBased on the IHME results, the DALY was 201.8 per 100 000 population in 1999 and 303.1 per 100 000 population in 2016. About 0.47% of the total estimated DALYs in Iran (1990) were related to COPD. The risk of COPD attributable to tobacco was 140.3 DALYs per 100 000, and air pollution and occupational hazards were responsible for 98.4 and 39.5 DALYs per 100 000 population. In Iran, the DALY of COPD attributable to behavioral and environmental risk factors was 75.7% in 1990 and 91.6% in 2016.
ConclusionsHealth policy makers need to have a holistic approach in order to decrease the burden of COPD in the future years. Targeting behavioral and environmental risk factors requires a strong organizational and social commitment to health
Keywords: Burden, COPD, Risk Factors, GBD -
Page 4Background
One of the main nutritionally important food compositions is fat and fatty acid. High levels of some fats leave irreversible effects on community health in the long term. The present study was conducted to determine the amount of fatty acids in meat products.
MethodsIn the present cross-sectional study, eight types of meat products available on the market were investigated because of their importance, including kebab, hamburger, sausage, red meat, chicken and canned tuna. For the greater accuracy of the results, three fresh samples were prepared from each product and tests were repeated. Fatty acids were extracted from oils by Folch method, and purified following extraction and methylation by AOCS method. Samples obtained were analyzed in a gas chromatography device.
ResultsThe most frequent saturated fatty acids were palmitic and stearic acids in burgers, and palmitic and caproic acids in salami and canned tuna. The most frequent trans-fatty acid (elaidic acid) was found in burgers (15.98 ± 4.69 %). The most frequent saturated fatty acid (SFA) was found in burgers with 62%, which was significantly higher than canned tuna and salami (P = 0.012). The highest level of PUFA was observed in canned tuna (28.6%) and the lowest in burgers (4.6%) (P < 0.001). The ratio of PUFA/MUFA varied from 0.15% in burgers to 1.08% in canned fish (P < 0.001). The ratio of PUFA/SFA was favorable in salami and tuna, but low in burgers (0.07%). The ratios of PUFA/MUFA and PUFA/SFA were different in three groups of protein content foods (P < 0.05).
ConclusionsThe study revealed that burgers contained higher SFA and TFA levels and lower and PUFA/SFA ratio compare to other studied food groups. Including fatty acids content mainly TFA and SFAs on food labeling highly recommended to improve public nutritional knowledge for choosing safe foods
Keywords: Saturated Fatty Acid, Unsaturated Fatty Acid, Meat Products, Gas Chromatography