مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال بیستم شماره 5 (پیاپی 99، آذر و دی 1397)

Recently, in addition to numerous molecular methods available for diagnosis, methods based on the design of various biosensors are widely used. Some of these biosensors are Lateral flow tests based on gold nanoparticles. Considering the importance of the application of gold nanoparticles as markers in biosensors and also the need for the use of sugars in the construction of biosensors, this study was proposed to investigate the effects of various sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) on gold nanoparticles for the development of diagnostic biosensors. In this experimental study, after synthesis of gold nanoparticles chemically, by size, measuring maximum absorption at 520 nm, and concentration of nanoparticles a spectrophotometer and DLS method were used. Then, considering the importance of using sugars in the manufacture of biosensors, a gradient of Recently, in addition to numerous molecular methods available for diagnosis, methods based on the design of various biosensors considered. Some of these biosensors are Lateral flow tests based on gold nanoparticles. Considering the importance of the application of gold nanoparticles as markers in biosensors and also the need for the use of sugars in the construction of biosensors, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of various sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) on gold nanoparticles for the development of diagnostic biosensors. In this experimental study, after synthesis of gold nanoparticles chemically, by size, assessed maximum absorption at 520 nm, and concentration of nanoparticles by spectrophotometer and DLS method. Then, considering the importance of using sugars in the manufacture of biosensors, a concentration gradient of 5 to 500 mM glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose, and their absorption spectra, after exposure to gold nanoparticles at 450 to 700 nm was detected. The results of the spectrophotometric spectrum of synthesized nanoparticles in the presence and absence of sugars of monosaccharide and disaccharide indicate a decrease in the maximum absorption of nanoparticles after the application of a steady slope of sugar types on them and also concentration gradient of glucose, sucrose and trehalose sugars had no effect on the accumulation and aggregation of gold nanoparticles, while fructose at concentrations up to 50 mM leads to the accumulation of gold nanoparticles. Due to the necessity of using sugars in the production of bionanosensors, it seems that the use of ketone sugars, such as fructose, at concentrations of 50 mM upwards is not suitable for making biosensors.
5 to 500 mM glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose, and their absorption spectra, after exposure to gold nanoparticles at 450 to 700 nm were utilized. The results of the spectrophotometric spectrum of synthesized nanoparticles in the presence and absence of various sugars of monosaccharide and disaccharide, indicates a decrease in the maximum absorption of nanoparticles after the application of a steady slope of sugar types on them. Slope of glucose, sucrose and trehalose sugars has no effect on the accumulation and aggregation of gold nanoparticles, while fructose at concentrations up to 50 mM leads to the accumulation of gold nanoparticles. Due to the necessity of using sugars in the production of bionanosensors, it seems that the use of ketone sugars, such as fructose, at concentrations of 50 mM upwards is not suitable for making biosensors

Pregnancy is an important period in women life regarding different aspects including physical activity which may be effective on various health indices of offspring. One of the common and expanding women diseases is breast cancer and two of its related indices are BRCA1 and P53. Thus, the aim of present study was estimating the effect of aerobic training during pregnancy in pregnant rats on the expression of BRCA1 and P53 genes of their offspring’s breast tissue. 20 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups of exercise during pregnancy (T) (221±9.9) and control (C) (223.8±12.8). The aerobic exercise training was performed immediately after observation of the vaginal plaque of approving pregnancy for
21 days and 5 sessions per week with moderate intensity. About 2 to 3 days before delivery, their training program was terminated. Tissue sampling of Pairs 4, 5, and 6 of breast tissues in
8 weeks offspring rats was performed to evaluate the expression of BRCA1 and P53 gene. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests of Shapiro-Wilk to control the distribution of data, and independent t-test for comparisons of between groups. Aerobic training with moderate intensity during pregnancy increased significantly mRNA of the BRCA1 gene (P=0.001), but there was no significant change in mRNA of the P53 (P=0.69). Considering the effect of exercise during pregnancy on increasing BRCA1 gene expression in their offspring's and association of the gene with breast, it seems that moderate exercise during pregnancy can reduce the risk of breast cancer in children

Communication role in librarianship field has a considerable importance, especially the clinical librarian topic has been executive among these students and they are directly associated with medical teams. So, presentation speed of physicians' information needs become more important. Therefore, ability and proficiency of these students on communication issues become necessary more than ever. One of the factors affecting communication is self-compassion that makes it important to study this variable in librarianship and medical information students. One of the main factors that can affect the results of any research is conceptual model to measure variables. So, the aim of this study was codification of self-compassion measurement model. This correlational study was conducted through a structural equation model and 270 students were selected randomly from librarianship and medical information students of nationwide medical universities and responded to Neff self-compassion questionnaire (2003). Initially, the model parameters were calculated using maximum likelihood estimation. Then, self-compassion measurement model was tested by the goodness of fitting indices. Data analysis was conducted by Smart-PLS software. Preliminary results showed that due to the negative predictor communality indices and t-test results for the self-judgment, over-identify and isolation parameters, Neff self-compassion measurement model did not have the acceptable fitting. Internal correlation of questionnaire items was not significant. So, self-compassion measurement model was modified by eliminating the aforementioned components. Self-compassion measurement model after revisions were codified and recommended that domestic researchers use the modified questionnaire to assess self-compassion

Intensive physical activity results in release of free radicals and oxidative damages in biomacromolecules. Consumption of sulfuric supplements may effect on the levels of oxidative stress following intensive exercises. Therefore, the effect of six weeks combined supplementation of methylsulfonylmethane and glucosamine on the glutathione peroxidase and catalase following a plyometric exercise session in amutor male athletes was studied in the present study. The study was a double-blinded quasi-experimental reseach with a pre- and post-test design in which 22 amateur male athletes (age mean: 26.18±4.02 years old; height: 176.00±4.10 cm; weight: 83.70±10.43 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups of supplement (n = 11) and placebo (n = 11), and participated in two bouts of plyometric exercise before and after the supplementation period. The supplementation period included daily consumption of 3 miligrams/bw combined methylsulfonylmethane and glucosamine for six weeks. The serum levels of Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase enzymes were determined before and after the two plyometric exercise sessions, and the collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at p<0.05 significant level. After controlling the effects of the initial levels, the levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes after exercise for the supplement group were higher than the placebo group (respectively, F2,9= 71.73, p=0.001 and F2,9= 191.76, p=0.001). Combined supplementation of methylsulfonylmethane and glucosamine may increase anti-oxidant capacity in athletes through increased levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes

Nanophytosynthesis is a part of nanobiotechnology science and it is the use of plant secondary metabolic compounds through which the synthesis of different nanoparticles is carried out. The resistance of microbes to conventional synthetic antibiotics is inevitable. To reduce this resistance, effective nanoparticles that can have an antibiotic enhancement effect have been used. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhancing the antibiotic properties of chloramphenicol using nanoparticles made by nanophytosynthesis. The cubic nanocrystallites of silver were synthesized by nanophytosynthesis method with utilization of the aerial part of Anthemis talyschensis methanolic extract. The structure and optical properties were investigated by FT-IR, UV/Vis, TEM, SEM and XRD. Antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanocrystallites as separately and in combined with chloramphenicol against four bacterial species were studied according to the disk diffusion method. The results showed that more than 75% of the synthesized silver nano particles have a cubic structure. The biological study showed that these nanoparticles have a good activity against growth of bacteria and enhances the antibacterial effect of chloramphenicol as antibiotic. Increasing the inhibition of bacterial growth by these nanocrystals was associated with the silver nano cubic structure. Also, nanophytosynthesis method for different nanoparticle preparation is an economical and green synthesis method, and it is in the adjustment of nature which it provides an optimal condition for production of nanoparticles.

The spouses of people with schizophrenia experience much stress due to their spouses' disease, which leads to certain problems and decreased adjustability and efficiency in them. This study investigated the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on resilience in schizophrenia patients. In this quasi-experimental study, 40 wives of patients with schizophrenia (20 assigned to experimental group and 20 to control group) whose husbands were kept in rehabilitation centers for mental disorders were enrolled according to convenience sampling. In the experimental group, the therapeutic protocol of MBCT was conducted as intervention. By this approach, patients are encouraged to process the experiences in a non-judgemental manner as they have been formed, and to change their relationship with and embrace challenging thoughts and feelings. Meanwhile, the control group underwent no intervention. Study instrument was Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA in SPSS 16. At post-test, mean resilience score of the experimental group (77.95±4.71) was much higher than that of the control group (71.75±5.81). There was a significant difference in the mean resilience score at post-test between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). Training MBCT strategies was effective on resilience in the wives of schizophrenia patients. Therefore, this approach can be incorporated into mental health-related interventions for the families of patients with psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia

Type 1 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease which is associated with high blood glucose and can cause disorders in the Central nervous system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of endurance training on histology of dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus of rats with experimental diabetes. In this experimental study, 20 adult male Wistar rats, 10 weeks of age and weight average 245±9.4 g were randomly divided into four groups: Diabetic, trained diabetes, healthy control and the healthy trained groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). 48 h after Streptozotocin injection and diabetes confirmation, the moderate endurance activity was performed under 50-55% Maximal oxygen uptake for a
six-week period and 5 sessions in a week. 24 hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed and then the hippocampus was separated. Sections with 5-6micron were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method. The results showed that blood glucose levels had lower level in diabetic trained rats compared to diabetic control animals (P<0.05). Histological results demonstrated that the numbers of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were increased in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after endurance training compared to the control group, while the number of microglial cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Our findings confirmed the anti-hyperglycemia and anti-neurodegenerative effects of endurance exercise in diabetes status. So, it seems that physical activity plays an important role on improvement of the nervous complications in type 1 diabetes patients

  Presence of integrons class 1, 2, and 3 in Salmonella typhimurium with multidrug resistance have been raised concerns about the integrons’ frequencies in clinic. Regarding different drug resistant genes are located in integrons and on the other hand, integrons are able to spread rapidly, so that identification of isolates carrying integrons could provide useful information about the degree of resistance. The gaim of this study was the molecular analysis of integrons class 1, 2 and 3 as important integron classes in Salmonella typhimurium strains which are isolated from patients by using multiplex PCR. In this study, 891 samples are collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis and then Salmonella typhimurium strains were detected by using standard biochemical test and PCR in culture method. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on Müller-Hinton agar media according to the Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. After DNA extraction, the presence of integrons class 1, 2, and 3 were analyzed by multiplex PCR. Out of 891 samples, 48 strains detected as a Salmonella typhimurium. Out of these 48 strains, 46 strains (95.8%) had the intI gene, 2 strains (4.1%) had the intII gene, and 18 strains (37.5%) had the intIII gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the most antibiotic resistance pattern was observed to cefotaxime. Strians with integrin genes had resistance to Gentamicin, Ampicillin,Tetracycline,Co-amoxiclave and Trimethoprim antibiotics. In this study, we observed the high incidence of integrons class 1, 2, and 3 in comparison to previous studies which were presumably due to differences in hygiene and also overuse of antibiotics.
Carrying out appropriate methods for controlling infection and treatment in studied health centers are essential for preventing the further spread of multi drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium.

  The PAEI model of Adizes is a new pattern in the decision maker's direction. The aim of this study was to investigate the adherence of decision making methods of educational and research managers in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences using Adis model. This research was a descriptive study and population of the study was faculty members of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in year 2013 that were 176 people (57 women and 119 men) and 116 people (38 females and 78 males) with stratified random sampling have been considered. The instruments that used in this research were two questionnaires including decision-making questionnaires of educational and research managers. For analyzing of the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA and Tukey test) were used using SPSS. The rate of adherence of educational and research managers from the Adizes model including administrative model, the pattern of implementation, organization and leadership, creativity, and entrepreneurship was significant (P>0.01). According to the degree of respondents, there was a significant difference between the leadership style of the educational managers and the administrative staffs of the research directors (P>0.01). Also, based on the work experience, there was a significant difference between the follow-up of the executive and administrative model of educational managers and also the adherence of executive model, administrative, creativity and leadership of research directors(P<0.01) According to usage rate of educational and research managers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences from the pattern of administration, executive model, organization and leadership, creativity and entrepreneurship of Adizes model, it is proposed the rules and guidelines are revised, the fields of creativity in the organization are predicted and for implement decisions, the appropriate individuals are determined

Members of the genus Acanthamoeba are free-living amoebae with a widespread distribution in environments, including surface waters and soil. Some of Acanthamoeba species are able to produce various human diseases such as Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE), keratitis, and skin lesions. Awareness of Acanthamoeba spp.distribution in environmental sources, particularly surface waters can provide valuable information for physicians and health experts. The aim of present study was to isolate, detect, and genotype of Acanthamoeba in surface waters. In this analytical and descriptive study one hundred and four water samples collected from different surface water resources of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were studied by using culture, microscopy and the molecular methods, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. The data were analyzed by the SPSS ver. 20 software and the statistical tests, Fischer's exact test, McNemar and Chi- square. The values P<0.05 were considered significant. Although all of the samples had been grown on non-nutrient agar, the microscopic examinations and PCR revealed that only 63.46% and 22.1% of these Amoebae were Acanthamoebaspp., respectively. The Fischer's exact test showed that the frequency of Acanthamoeba was significantly different between districts (P=0.034). According to the
Chi-square test there was also a partial relationship between the frequency of Acanthamoeba in urban and rural areas (P=0.059).The sequencing of Acanthamoeba DNA showed that T2, T4, and T5 genotypes of the organism, were present in the samples and of these T4 genotype of Acanthamoebawas more prevalent. The present study indicates that different species and genotypes of Acanthamoba are present in surface waters of this area and respect to the potential hazard of Acanthamoeba spp. for human, particularly in immunedeficient patients, physicians should be aware of this potential environmental risk.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common type of lung cancers, has the highest mortality rate among cancers. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common comorbidity in NSCLC. It seems necessary to study an effective new therapeutic regimen due to the anticarcinogenicity effects of metformin, as a comman antidiabetic drug, for the treatment of NSCLC in patients with diabetes mellitus simultaneously. The aim of this study was to provide the latest evidences and mechanisms of action of metformin in relation to the anticancer effects in patients with NSCLC and diabetes, based on studies in 2015-2017. This review study investigated anticancer effects of metformin specially non-small cell lung cancer by utilizing the latest electronic articles in Journals in databases "Science Direct, Springer, and OVID" as well as information search databases "Web of Science, and Scopus". Recently, numerous studies about the relationship between metformin and reduced mortality rate of cancers performed, while some studies did not show any relationship. Metformin, as a mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) inhibitor, exerts its anticancer effects by activation of the AMPK pathway. Also, Metformin can prevent cancer cell mitosis by inducing activation of the immune system and decreased signaling of the growth factors. It also increases IL-2, TNFα and IFNγ, inhibition of TIL (Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte) apoptosis and inhibition of GTPase. Suppression of MicroRNA222 due to metformin administration leads to increase p27 and p57 and as a result it impairs cell cycle of tumor cells. Metformin by several different mechanism may lead to a reduction in risk or increasing of NSCLC improvement. In clinical, Metformin could use as an adjuvant with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Spermatogenesis is a complex series of processes involved in distinction of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa. These developmental processes are influenced by different factors, including heat stress that it reduces sperm quality and negatively effects fertility. It is difficult to avoid the factors like life style, occupational, environmental to pathophysiological factors that increase the temperature of scrotum. So, testicular thermoregulation is essential to ensure production of viable and efficient sperm to maintain fertility. A number of studies conducted over past few decades have examined the adverse effects of heat on spermatogenesis in various mammalian species. In this study, the aim was to discuss the effects of heat on spermatogenesis cycle of germ cells and molecular response upon exposure to heat and possible mechanisms involved in germ cell damage caused by heat, apoptosis, DNA damage and autophagy. In this study, relevant articles between 1997 and 2016 were obtained by searching PubMed database and using Google Scholar search engine. Temperature plays an important role in the development of germ cells as well as reproductive cycle of living beings. But failure to thermoregulation scrotum increases the temperature of the testicles, which can lead to genital heat stress, and this is detrimental to spermatogenesis. Conducting more investigations and paying more attention to different mechanisms of heat effects on testis and sperm could lead to impressive improvement in etiology of male infertility