نشریه نامه انجمن جمعیت شناسی ایران
پیاپی 23 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

Individuals are within social networks and these networks can influence such critical decisions as intention of childbearing. Social networking typology has been conducted according to the structure, the nature and composition of the network and its effective mechanisms, including social pressure, social contagion, social learning and social support, according to the cluster analysis technique. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 600 eligible women aged 18-44 years were selected and studied in urban areas of Bushehr province. The cluster analysis results indicated four different social networking types among the women studied that the characteristics of each of them are detailed in this article. The results of logistic regression analysis show that family-centered social networks have the most probability of going to a higher parity progression. This probability for non-supportive, kin - centered, and friend-centered social networks are 5.18, 2.80 and 2.24 times more, respectively. Due to declining size of family-centered social networks throughout modern life it is necessary to adopt policies to protect social network and to find solutions to compensate for their important role regarding childbearing.

Fertility below replacement level despite the two-child norm in the society testifies to the gap between the ideal number and the real number of children. This article examines the gap between the ideals and actual fertility. The data for this study are drawn from a survey in Tabriz city in 2017, the sample consists of 550 married women aged 15-49.  The result show, most women do not meet their ideal, 60 percent had fewer children than desired (underachieved), 10% of women had more children than desired (overachieved). It was found that age at marriage is very strong predictors of over- and underachieving fertility. Women who married late were much more likely to have fewer births than desired. Increasing pressure of the social network also significantly increase the likelihood of overachieving. The impact of high perceived control of behavior factor was in line with expectations and reduced the likelihood of overachieving. These variables could explain about 36 to 43 percent of the fertility gap variation. In general, given that most women in this study have not yet completed their fertility, if they have the right conditions for childbearing, the realization of fertility goals and reduction of fertility gap is expected.

This study seeks to test the theoretical-conceptual model of economic and social rationality synergy in low childbearing. The study was conducted in 2016 amonge married women and men , in Tehran. The sample size was determined to be 1200 using multi-stage stratified sampling. Based on the results of the logistic regression, the chance of childbearing for people who living in medium developed regions than those who living in underdeveloped regions (0.537), and individuals who have diploma and associate’s educational level than individuals who have MS and PhD’s educational level (0.177) is lower. People with less than 20 million rials expenditure, each month, are more likely to have children than people with expenditure over 35 million rials (3.327). The chance of childbearing decreases by (0.563) with the increase in score of parental identity. The chance of childbearing decreases by (0.693) with the increase in negative score of childern. The chance of childbearing decreases by (0.544) with the increase in the factor of avoiding long-term commitments. The chance of childbearing decreases by (0.703) with an increase in economic insecurity score. Among the above factors, avoiding long-term commitments (-0.608) has the most and economic insecurity (-0.352) has the least effect on the intention for childbearing. It is suggested that policy makers, while paying attention to the changes in the values and attitudes of the society, emphasize the mechanisms that lead to a balance in the economic and social conditions of the community.

Population of each country plays a crucial role in economic growth and development. Changes in fertility rate, as one of the factors affecting demographic changes and its role in supply of labor and as a result of production growth, are considered as an important element of the economic and social development of each country. We aimed to assess and analyze the impact of birth rate on GDP per capita in Iran during the period 1981-2015. In this study, fuzzy regression method is used to estimate the type of relationship between variables, because fuzzy regression estimates an interval of possible values for the parameter of the variables, while classical regression only calculates a specific value for the parameters. The results indicate that fertility rate has had a positive effect on economic growth. Other results also indicate that life expectancy, per capita consumption of energy and GDP per capita growth have a positive effect on economic growth.

Industrialization and modernization have considerable social, economic and demographic effects in industrialized regions. Migration, shaping migratory circulation, and stability, and durability of migrant flow are most important aspects of population dynamics in industrialized areas. The aim of the article is, to explore the effects of person- environment fit aspects on staying of immigrants in Pars Special Economic Energy Zone  (PSEEZ) in short, medium and long-terms. The research is carried out by sampling survey with the sample size of 654 migrants that selected by probability proportional to size (PPS). The results of logistic regression showed affective factors on the staying of immigrants in the short-term period (the next 5 years), are person- natural environment fit, length of stay and social networks. In medium period, the key affecting factors are person-job fit, person-group fit and job situation. For long-term staying  or permanent residence the factors including person-job fit,  person-natural environment fit, person- social  and cultural condition fit, education,  and social networks have significantly  effects  on durability of migrants . In conclusion, person– environment fit theory can be appropriate framework to explain the stability and durability of migrants in Pars Special Economic Energy Zone.

The aim of this study was to compare the health-centered lifestyles of employed and non-employed women in the city of Shiraz and identify the impact of demographic variables on it. The statistical population of this study was comprised of all women older than 15 years residing in Shiraz. Using a survey method and a questionnaire, 274 employed and non-employed women in Shiraz were studied.
Findings show a higher level of healthy lifestyle in employed women compared to non-employed ones. The results showed that there is a significant difference between women's health and lifestyle based on education and age. The higher the level of education, the higher the tendency to a healthy lifestyle. Also the women of the lower age group had healthier lifestyle and cared more about their health. Finally, the results of Path Analysis showed that with a beta coefficient of 0.252 education variable had the most total impact on women's health-centered lifestyle.

The present paper examines the multivariate analysis of factors affecting disability in Iran. The research method is quantitative and relies on secondary data. In order to achieve the study objectives, the multilevel method has been applied using HLM software. The first level of this study was carried out using individual data from the census of 2006. In relation to the second level, the data of the Ministry of Health or Provincial Health Centers, the Statistical Yearbook and Census data were collected in 2006. Findings showed that at the first level, age has a significant positive correlation with a disability, and the odds ratio indicates that with an increase in one year of age, disability is increased by 2.6%. Sex also has a significant relationship with disability and the odds ratio shows that women's disability is reduced by 41.1% compared to men. The economic welfare has a significant negative relationship with disability, and with increasing economic welfare of individuals; disability is reduced by 3.6%. The place of residence has not been significant, and at the second level, the relationship of socio-economic development with disability has not been significant. Therefore, due to the increasing population of the elderly in Iran, it is expected that the number of disabled people will increase, and given the importance of the economic welfare of the people of the society and the inequality of facilities and services at the individual level, it is necessary to achieve the welfare of individuals. In relation to the implementation of the basic and targeted planning, and in this regard, attention will be paid to reducing inequalities within the region relative to the inequalities between regions.