پژوهشنامه مدیریت ورزشی و رفتار حرکتی
پیاپی 27 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

Aim of present study was investigate the factors affecting on Inappropriate Reactive Behaviors with emphasis on Early Maladaptive Schemas among Football Fans. This research was descriptive correlation. Population included Esteghlal club fans that due to unclear population, To conduct a pilot study on the population of this research and determining varians from answers of sample to questions and Putting it into the formula number 259 individuals were selected as the sample. To collect data was used from two questionnaire Inappropriate Reactive Behaviors and questionnaire early maladaptive schemas (young, 1994). Data analysis was carried out into two level descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (regression logistic) using SPSS software. The results showed that the from variables studied Early Maladaptive Schemas, number of Presence in stadium and education was Good predictor for Inappropriate Reactive Behaviors that from this variable, early maladaptive schemas an rate Presence direct relationship and education indirect relationship were whit Inappropriate Reactive Behaviors.

Background & Purpose: Increasing cognitive and motor performance is an importantgoal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rhythmic exercise on memory and attention in children with intellectual disability. This study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. In this study, 20 children aged 7 to 10 years old were multistage randomly selected from the 600 primary school student’s schools in the city of Tabriz. These two groups according to age and IQ were homogeneous in rhythmic practices and control group. Programs were hold in 18 sessions and two sessions per week and each session was 45 minutes. Before the start training and the end of the last session were held pre-test and post-test. Before the start of the session and at the end of the last session of the questionnaire was completed neuropsychological Conner 2004 by parents for analyze data dependent test and in dependent with a significant level of 0.05 were used. The results showed that rhythmic practices groupafter the intervention period in memory (p= 0.002) and attention (p= 0.003) performed better than the control group. Rhythmic exercise group than the control group had a greater impact on the memory and attention. According to the results obtained it is suggested these movements were held into physical education program, extracurricular and take home.

Background & Purpose: Several studies have shown physical education teachers are at risk for burnout. Some of the underlie factors for this phenomenon has been proposed in Karasek's model (1979). The purpose of this study was to identified the relationship between job demands and job control with burnout of physical education teachers in Mashhad city. The research method was descriptive-correlation. For this purpose, 270 persons (165 females and 105 males) from 870 physical education teachers random- stratify sampling method selected and Burnout Inventory Maslach (1981), job demands and job control )Brouwers et al, 2011) were distributed among them. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by comments of sport management professors and level of reliability using Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaires Maslach, job demands and job control, respectively (α=0.63), (α=0.64) and (α=0.61) were determined. Data using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression analysis ) were analyzed. The results showed that there was significant relationship between job demands (r=0.24) and job control (r=-0.22) with burnout. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that job demand and job control account 10% of the physical education teachers changes burnout. Based on the study findings can be stated that the educational administrators should provide a basis for reduce job demands and increasing job control of physical education teachers to reduced their burnout and enable them to carry out their training and teaching duties properly.

The present study is carried out with the purpose of determining the predictability of psychological health, by cognitive emotion regulation style, used by elite athletes. A sample of 385 (285 male and 100 female) elite athletes were chosen using cluster random sampling. Participants completed Mental Health Inventory (MHI) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire short version. Analysis of the data involved Pierson’s correlation and multivariate regression analyses. Results indicated significant relationship between cognitive emotion regulation styles and psychological health components. Results of regression analysis indicated that among styles of cognitive emotion regulation, Positive refocusing and positive reappraisal can positively predict the psychological well-being. Moreover, psychological distress can predicted positively by catastrophizing and also Positive refocusing can negatively predict psychological distress. As results indicates, the strategies employed by athletes in order to regulate their emotions can play a significant role in the determination of their psychological health. Strengthening the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation should be regarded as therapeutic and educational goal in enhancing the mental health in that athletes could use strategies that influence their appraisal of the situation to create the most appropriate emotional climate for competition.

anthropometric characteristics and superiority of eye-hand are the most important factors in the implementation of motor skills; the goal of this research was to investigate the role of anthropometric characteristics and superiority of eye-hand precision learning of throwing darts.
The study method used is Quasi-experimental. So among the students of physical education Of Hakim Sabzevar University, 30 right-handed male students aged 25-19 years were selected. Subjects were divided based on perforated cards and Chapman questionnaire to align the two groups (17 subjects) and contralateral (13 subjects) eye-hand. The anthropometric characteristics including height, standing, sitting height, arm length, arm length, length of forearm and hand were measured in both groups. The subjects of basic education in four days, 540 trials did the throwing darts. At the end of the fourth session acquisition test was taken after five days in the retention test short-term and long-term retention test was conducted after 20 days. To analyze the data, the Spearman correlation coefficient test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and t-test with a significance level of α=0/05 in SPSS version 21 was used.Results showed that there are significant correlations between standing height (p=0/025) and Forearm and hand (p=0/004) with performance accuracy. But there are not significant correlations between sitting height, Upper Extremity, arm length and dominant eye with dart-throwing accuracy.Thus, according to the findings of the study it can be concluded that, the height and length of the forearm and hand stand accurately throw darts; superiority of eye-hand running accuracy is not effective in darts throwing, too.

Knowledge management is a prerequisite for creating a learning organization. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning. This study is aimed at practical implementation of the method, but is descriptive correlational study. A sample of 132 people randomly from among the employees of the General Directorate of Youth and Sport was elected in Tehran. The data, standardized questionnaires that the formal validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha for knowledge management and organizational learning, respectively, 97/0 and 96/0 respectively. The data collected using descriptive and analytical (one-sample t, Pearson correlation, and regression) were analyzed. The results show that all the components of knowledge management and learning levels of the Administration is not in good condition. Knowledge management and organizational learning as well as between components, there was a significant relationship. The findings suggest that managers with the ability to exchange knowledge, experience and skills through working groups and cooperation between staff, learning in individual, group and organization to facilitate.

Introduction and Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the country's volleyball Associations using DEA. Inputs and outputs used to determine the efficiency of the volleyball associations were identified through the experts’ view. Inputs include staff, budget and the volleyball sports capital of each province. Activities of the volleyball associations related to the public sports, champion sports, sports education, sports research, sports events and active committees were determined as the outputs. Then a checklist related to the inputs and outputs of the research was prepared and sent to the judo committees of provinces. Sampling for each associations and contains all 31 provinces of the country, but has been finally completed a questionnaire in the form of 28 were returned. Data were analyzed using CCR and BCC. The results showed that in year 2012, 17 committees (60.71%) and in year 2013, 19 committees (67.86%) were acquired the full efficiency. As a result, the most cause of weakness in the overall performance of the association was the management and operational inefficiencies in this timeframe. The sensitivity analysis showed that the "budget" and "athletics" were influential input and output in determining the efficiency of associations. Consistent with the findings of this research, it is necessary to provide the resources required delegations made a special effort. The association of directors of volleyball provinces hould pay more attention to the sources of financing, organized sports events, as well as activation of the Iranian association in the province.

Introduction & Objective: The purpose of this research was to analysis of the factors that influence spectator’s attendance in Sabaye Qom Home games.

This research is descriptive and collecting the data from questionnaires made by the researcher and the face validity of it, is highly supported by university professors. The reliability of questionnaires has obtained %89 of Cronbach’s alpha. The statistical society of research included whole the Citizens of Qom Province and the statistic samples included 385 Citizen which were chosen randomly. For analyzing the information, we used binomial distribution and Friedman non parametrical test. The meaningful level of statistics determined in (P≥ 0.05). Also analyzing of data was done by SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that of the Citizens viewpoints, Economic factors, Attractive game, Planning, Facilities, Motivational and Emotional factors influence spectator’s attendance in Sabaye Qom Home games. Also, factors affecting on Spectators attendance are to priority: 1. Attractive game, 2. Emotional factors, 3. Facilities, 4. Motivational factors, 5. Planning, 6. Economic factors. Discussion & conclusion: The Sabaye Qom Sport Club can attract more loyal fans and gain benefits by focusing on framework for setting strategies in ticket-prices, Cleaning Stadium, Easy commute to the stadium, Increase the quality of matches, Accurate planning, Informing and The use of local players.

Background & Purpose: The purpose of this study was determining validity and reliability of the Persian version of Sport motivation scale Questioner. For this purpose, 200 athletes with different levels of skill in 11 sport fields, individual and team completed the questionnaires. First, with use of translation-back translation methods, face validity and translate accuracy of Persian version of questionnaires were confirmed. Confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations was used for validation of structure of questionnaire, Cronbach alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency of questionnaire, and intra-class correlation coefficient under test-retest method was used to study temporal reliability of items and percentile points were used for normalization. The results of research showed that confirmatory factor analysis the SMS-II had acceptable fit index (RMSEA = 0.02, CFI = 0.97, NNFI= 0.96) and internal consistency (Intrinsic= 0.80, Integrated= 0.78, Identified=0.77, Introjected=0.75, External motivation=0.77, A motivated=0.80 and the total = 0.79), and temporal reliability with ICC for all factors and total score of SMS-II, was more than 0.75. So this finding indicating good validity and reliability of the Persian version of SMS-II. Therefore the Persian Version of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II) can be characterized as a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II) among men and women at different level of competition in sport situations.

Nowadays in a competitive enviroment of tourism industry, of great importance identify the variablees that influence tourists satisfaction.therefore, the purpose of this study was to the survey sports tourists satisfaction East Azerbaijan province and its relation to the problems of sports tourism. this study was a cross - correlation. The study population in districte sports tourists satisfaction consisted of all spectators football match between the teams Tractor and Saipa (40000 people) and in districte sports tourism problems physical education teachers in universities province, experts of the cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism organization, tourism guides, experts in Physical education department of education physical and department of education province (137 people) formed. The research sample is also limited due to population problems in the tourism census method was used. But in districte sports tourists satisfaction, 510 people sample available were selected. For data collection was used questionnaires Bansbordi(1393) and Mohammadi(1388). Data for the analysis of pearson correlation test and friedman test was used. there is a significant negative correlation between the satisfaction of tourists and sports and sports tourism problems. Also, there is a significant difference between prioritization the satisfaction of tourists and sports and sports tourism problems. in order to get satisfaction sports tourists will pay more attention to the problems of sports tourism.

The Purpose of this study was Evaluate the Effective Inhibiting Factors of Decision making in Iranian soccer referees. The present study in terms of the purpose was functional and terms of the data collection was survey. The overall sample was comprised 230 soccer referees in premier league and1league. Data gathered through a questionnaire Researcher made was 25 items which it's content and face validity was confirmed by 10 experts and reliability was cofirmed in a pilot study that included 30 referees by using Cronbach's alpha and two halves of the test method (r=0.90). In order to assess demographic characteristics Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and also determine the important variables were used. Also inferential statistical methods (KMO test, Exploratory factor analysis and Friedman test) were utilized. The results showed that Of sight the referees Among the Inhibiting Factorsthat affect the of Decision making, five factors, “Factors associated with match day”, “External factors”, “cultural factors”, “Factors holding time” and “Factors jobs and wage” Were more important. Also cultural factors to referees Compared to other factors were The prioritiesand more attention needs to be a priority. According to the results, it seems More obstacles judgment in Football resulting from the Structural and cultural problems. Therefore It is suggested that, the Football Association with Making culture appropriate between advocates, Players and coaches; Modeled after structured referee’s committee by using the advanced countries, a fixed salary And insurance to the extent possible inhibiting factors affecting to control that factors

Introduction & Purpose: According to that color is the first factor in choosing sports clothing and many marketers concern is to identify the factors that affecting the choice of colors, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the role of gender in choosing the color of sports clothing. This research was conducted through a survey, the purpose of it is applied and method of data collection was field and electronically, using the questionnaire that it was made by researcher. The questionnaire was designed in the form of a website and web address was sent for the sample by e-mail. The population of this research includes all academics at the University of Mazandaran that had e-mail. According to Morgan's table, 375 individuals were considered as a statistical sample of this research. Sampling method was simple random. First raised a few questions to assess demographic characteristics. A picture with 10 colors of white, black, gray, brown (neutral colors part); green, blue, purple (cold colors part); red, yellow and orange (warm colors part) was placed to evaluate the preferences of color for each of sports clothing (Shoes, t-shirt, sweatshirt, pants, cover, towel, backpack, short, hat, socks, light backpack). Data were analyzed by using polynomial logistic regression method. Findings: The results showed that gender plays a significant role in the level of 0.05 in choosing the color of sports clothing.

Since the factor of selecting and not the amount of choice feedback to the learner was the mechanism underlying motor learning in self-controlled context. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-control feedback on the learning of throwing with one-hand with use of yoked self-control group.
Forty five male students among university students of Shahid Beheshti University aged 18 to 28 years volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into 3 groups: self-control group, traditional yoked group and yoked self-control group. Task was throwing sand bags with non-dominant hand. Taking the pretest , the subjects participated in acquisition phase (180 acquisition trails during 3 sessions, each took 3 blocks of 20 attempts) and 24 hours after the completion of the acquisition phase, the subjects took part in the retention tests and 5 min after the retention test, participated in the transfer. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results showed that all groups had significant improvements in acquisition phase. Moreover, according to the retention and transfer tests ' results, yoked self-control group had showed significantly more learning compared to self-control (p=0.001) and traditional yoked groups (p=0.001).
The results suggest that self-control condition have beneficial effects in motor skills learning. In addition, in learning motor skill, selecting the feedback received by the participants is more important than the number of received feedback.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self - regulatory and observation of novice model in Learning of Relative and absolute timing. 45 right-handed male students were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups (novice model- Self - regulatory, novice model-yoked,) and control group. The subjects were asked to run sequential timing task during a four-step process. In the pre-test, 20 trials and 60 trials at acquisition and retention test and at transfer test of 10 minutes and 24 hours, 20 trials were conducted. Analysis of data both retention and transfer tests showed that experimental groups in terms of absolute and relative timing were better than the control group. These results indicate that, Practice Leading to learning, regardless of its type. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the relative and absolute timing factor. These results suggest that the observation of novice model counts as an effective factor in learning motor skills while self - regulatory factor in this study was not effective.Overall, the results suggest that self-regulation just in time observing novice model cannot effect on learning.

Background & Purpose: This study aims at investigation of the relationship between Intelligence Quotient (IQ), anthropometric characteristics and motor development with skill performance of footballer children with and without experience of kindergarten. The research population included 422 seven to nine-year-old students footballer of Aleshtar city. Using a multi-stage random sampling method 100 students, 50 with and 50 without kindergarten experience was selected as the sample groups. Data collection tools included Raven's IQ Test, Ulrich’s gross motor development test II, Moor Christian’s standard tests of football skills. The data analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Linear regression and t-test in significance level of P=0.05. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between IQ, anthropometric measurements and motor development with their level of skill performance. In addition, among subjects with and without kindergarten experience not significant difference was observed in these variables. IQ, anthropometric characteristics and motor development are important factors in determining the performance level and Contrary to the impression Whether or not the child kindergarten experience had no effect on the research variables that can Weakness programs, facilities and lack of expertise of the center's Educators.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the life style promotion model in Qazvin Universities students. It was an analytic-descriptive model which performed cross sectional in 1394. Clustering sampling method was recruited. Panders Health promotion Model including responsibility for health, physical activity, dietary habits subscales was used. The mean score for health promoting lifestyle was Mediocre (score 50-75). The results suggested that physical illness, smoking affects the responsibility for health (respectively, p=0.02, p=0.001). While, factors such as marital status (p=0.001), physical illness (p=0.01), mental illness (p=0.001) affects negatively the physical activity behavior. Nutrition habits was better in women and smoking would affect the nutrition behavior (p=0.001). given the total health index, it was found that sex, physical illness, smoking variables led to decreased health status (p=0.001). Living location had no effect on responsibility for health while affected the nutrition behavior (p=0.04). the study demonstrated that health promotion life style in Qazvin universities students was mediocre. Therefore, more exact planning must be required in improving health promotion life style university students.

Background& Purpose: One of the factors that potentially influence on the postural tremor and performance of goal-directed tasks is fatigue. The present study was designed to determine the effect of upper limb locality fatigue on performance indicators skilled and novice shooters as a function of the supra-postural goals and movement automaticity mechanisms. performance and postural sway variability rate of two groups of novice shooters (23.33 ±2.40 years) and skilled shooters (24.60±3.38 years) during two trials in 60 seconds before and after isotonic fatigue intensity of 40% - 60% - 70% - 80% MVIC was compare. Shooting performance based on the measurement error in the two-dimensional situations (Radial Error, Subject- Centroid Radial Error and Bivariate Variable Error) was analyzed. recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) for comparison nonlinear dynamics of postural sway participants and the parameter median of data EMG and Borg scale of perceived fatigue as an indicator of fatigue was used. To determine the effect of fatigue on the performance indicators and variability variables, analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. The results showed that with increased fatigue performance of novice shooters significantly changed (p0.05). analysis of Shooting performance in condition exert of locality fatigue represents a significant reduction in the average components variability of postural sway skilled shooters in two direction of anterior-posterior and mediolateral. supra-postural tasks on the focuses attention externally has a powerful effect on the performance and can minimize the effects of individual limitations in skilled shooters