فهرست مطالب
Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology
Volume:4 Issue: 2, May 2017
- تاریخ انتشار: 1396/02/12
- تعداد عناوین: 7
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Pages 33-36BackgroundCarpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. It occurs due to compression of median nerve in the wrist. This study evaluates the usefulness of Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) of the median nerve in the diagnosis of CTS. The aim of the study was to determining the diagnostic value of cross-sectional area of median nerve in CTS.Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 86 cases of CTS (59 patients) and 16 normal subjects as the control group underwent ultrasonography of the wrist. The results of ultrasonography of two groups were compared.ResultsThe data showed a significant difference in the CSA of median nerve between the patients with CTS and control group and also we observed significant difference in CSA of the median nerve according to grading of CTS based on Nerve Conduction Study (NCS).ConclusionBased on the study results, determining CSA of median nerve can be an effective method in CTS evaluationKeywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome, Ultrasonography, Cross-sectional area of median nerve
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Pages 37-44BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between receptive language development and social skills in 4-6 years children of Shahrbabak City, Iran.Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 46 (23 girls and 23 boys) children aged 6-4 years were recruited. The study inclusion criteria consisted of having normal intelligence and proper socioeconomic status of parents. Through single-stage cluster sampling method, two daycare kindergartens were chosen out of the preschools of Shahrbabak (according to Dr Human formula for sampling). We used language development and grading scale social skills test, with forms of teachers and parents. Exclusion criteria included low intelligence, hearing loss and uncooperative behavior. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used for analyzing the obtained data.ResultsThe results showed a significant correlation between some of the components of language development (grammatical understanding, listening and syntax in the form of teachers and phonological analysis in the form of parents) and dimensions of social skills. Also significant difference was observed in correlation between some components of language development dimensions and social skills (phonological analysis in the form of parents and word differentiation in the form of teachers). Also parents as well as teachers believed that some components of the social skills were more in boys compared to girls.ConclusionBased on these results, not only receptive language development increases by social skills development, but also these skills were more in boys than girls at the age 4 to 6 yearsKeywords: Social skills, Children, Preschool
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Pages 45-48BackgroundAnxiety is an unpleasant and obscure sense of fear with unknown origin. It is characterized by distrust, prostration, and physiological arousal which is associated with one or more signs or symptoms such as nausea, chest tightness, palpitation, sweating, and headache. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mallow’s extract on reducing dark anxiety in mice.Materials and MethodsForty laboratory mice were divided into 5 treatment groups: control, dark anxiety, and 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses of the mallow’s extract.ResultsBased on the results, anxiety decreases significantly spending time in open arm while all doses of mallow extract increases it. Also, anxiety reduces mean open arm entrance and the extract increases it in all doses.ConclusionAccording to results, hydroalcoholic extract of mallow could reduce the anxiety in 100 and 200 mg/kg groups by effecting nervous systemKeywords: Mallow hydroalcoholic extract, Anxiety, Mice
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Pages 49-56Bachground: The concept of couples’ satisfaction is one’s subjective evaluation of marital relationship and the level of perceived happiness from this relationship. Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI) is a self-report measure to assess marital satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of CSI in a non-clinical sample.Materials and MethodsFactor analysis, translation, structural, convergent validity, and reliability of this index were investigated in 150 married students of Tehran and Shahed Universities recruited by convenience sample method.ResultsAccording to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, four factors of “marital happiness”, “warmth of the relationship”, “being together”, and “right choice” were identified in the Persian version of CSI. The specifications of exploratory factor analysis were good. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that four factors of the CSI are more valid and reliable. The reliability of the index was 0.96 determined by Cronbach α. The convergence between this index and Locke–Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (MAT) was calculated to be 0.9.Conclusionresults indicate that Persian version of CSI has appropriate psychometric characteristics. Therefore, this measure can be confidently used in this field of researchKeywords: Marital relationships, Marital satisfaction, Reliability, validity, Factor analysis
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Pages 57-63BackgroundProcrastination is a prevalent behavior affecting all life aspects, especially educational fields. Educational procrastination is defined as unnecessary delay for doing assignments. Personality traits are very important in explaining procrastination. This study aimed to investigate the structural model of academic procrastination based on personality traits by student’s educational motivation.Materials and MethodsIn the current cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, the participants consisted of 400 students (171 boys and 231 girls) of secondary high school in Bojnord City, Iran in 2017-2018 academic year. The students were selected by the multistep random clustering sampling method from 3 girls’ high schools and 3 boys’ high schools (3 classes from each high school) from the north, south, east and west districts of the city. The relevant data were gathered by Academic Procrastination Scale, personality traits, and educational motivation questionnaires. Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling in LISREL V. 8.80.ResultsAccording to model fitting, direct effect of neuroticism conscientiousness and educational motivation upon academic procrastination was significant (P˂0.05). Also, the standard effects of neuroticism and conscientiousness upon educational procrastination (by educational motivation) were significant (P˂0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results, anxiety management training for neurotic persons, as well as improving agreeableness rate will result in an increase in educational motivation and, in turn, a decrease in academic procrastinationKeywords: Structural equation models, Academic procrastination, Personality traits, Educational motivation
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Pages 65-70BackgroundRecently, it has been found that Cyclosomatostatin (CSST) induces Catalepsy, a State Similar to extrapyramidal dysfunctions in Parkinson disease. The sensitivity of CSST-induced catalepsy to clinically effective antiparkinsonian agents is unknown. Epidemiological studies have documented an inverse association between parkinsonism and tobacco smoking that suggests an antiparkinsonian activity of nicotine. To evaluate the similarity between human illness and CSST-induced catalepsy, we studied the sensitivity of this model to nicotine.Materials and MethodsThe experiments were conducted on 27- to 28-month-old male Wistar rats. To determine the cataleptogenic doses of CSST, this drug (0.5, 2, and 10 µg) was injected intracerebroventricularly. Nicotine (0.1, 0.4, and 1 mg/kg) was given subcutaneously. Catalepsy was defined as an increased period of immobility in the bar test. All groups consisted of 8 animals.ResultsCSST (10 µg) increased period of immobility compared with the controls (P<0.01). Nicotine (0.4 and 1 mg/kg) inhibited this effect (P<0.05).ConclusionCSST-induced catalepsy in Wistar rats can be reduced by nicotine. These data support the validity of this behavioral response as a model of human extrapyramidal dysfunctionsKeywords: Aging, Somatostatin, Nicotine, Catalepsy, Parkinson disease
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Pages 71-78IntroductionNostalgia is described as a stressful reaction to being away from home or attachment objection (like parents). According to the thought emotion theory, affection and cognition are very important in creativity process.ObjectivesThe present study compares the effectiveness of creativity therapy and group counseling based on the choice theory on the nostalgia and thought emotion of university students.Materials and MethodsThe participants of this study included all students referring to the counseling center of Payame Noor University, Sari Center, in 2016-2017 academic year. The convenience sampling method was used for the selection of the subjects. The sample consisted of 45 individuals who were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group (n=15 in each group). In pretest, the exile feeling and thought emotion questionnaires were administered to all groups. One experimental group received the creativity therapy and the other group counseling training based on the theory of choice in eight 90-minute sessions for 2 months. The control group did not receive training during this period. After completing the training, posttest was obtained from three groups. The obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis in SPSS V. 16.ResultsThe results showed a significant difference between the effectiveness of creativity therapy training and group counseling based on choice theory in relieving students’ nostalgia and thought emotion (P<0.05). Also, the experimental interventions (group training based on group choice theory and creativity therapy) decreased the nostalgia and reduced thought raptus and increased thought dynamism in students.ConclusionCreativity therapy training and group counseling based on choice theory may be effective in improving nostalgia and thought emotion in studentsKeywords: Creativity therapy, Choice theory, Nostalgia, Thought emotion