پژوهش نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و اقتصادی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار و تابستان 1397)

Undoubtedly, attention to social history and local history has an effective role in identifying the physical space of each city. In the meantime, despite the numerous sources in the Qajar era, historians have paid less attention to the livelihood and culture of the social classes. This article aims to study the causes and factors of economic prosperity of Shahrood and its impact on the social situation of this city in the first half of Qajar era from the perspective of social and local history studies. The result of the research is the result of collecting information and extracting research data using a descriptive-analytical method and using historical arguments and Indicates that Shahrud had a special economic and commercial prosperity due to its location on the pilgrimage route on the one hand, and on the other hand due to the arrival of Russian goods to this city as the warehouse of the eastern part of Iran, The city's body changes. Therefore, this research seeks to identify and study the causes and factors affecting the economic and social development of Shahrood during the early Qajar period

Pahlavi I period was a new era in the creation of civil reconstruction projects in social and economic dimensions in different areas of the country, especially Lorestan. One of these development plans was the construction of castles with different motives in Lorestan. Army commanders built or restored numerous castles in order to expedite the military operation and domination of Lorestan. By descriptive-analytical methods, this article examines the construction of castles and its functions during the Pahlavi I period in Lorestan. The results of the research show that during this period, many castles were built or were restored in different areas of Lorestan in three groups of military, economic and nongovernmental. These Castles had numerous functions as administrative, military, social and security. These functions were used to monitor the activities of potential opponents and insurgents, the maintenance of ammunition and military equipment, the imprisonment of criminals, the gathering of troops, the deployment of government departments and forbidding the migration of tribes.

Since 545 AD, there has been evidence of the Turkic Khaganat's political-economic contacts with the Sassanid government. Bumin Khagan (551–552), before acceding to the Turkic Khaganate throne, had contacted the Sassanid Empire. From the 555 AD, after the sovrenity of khagante over area beyond the Syr Darya, Khaqanate was neighbors to the Sasanians, and the political- economic contacts between the two governments began from that time on. Economic issues increased the level of such contacts. In any case, this research, using the historical research method, referring to various evidences, including Roman sources, attempts to show the facts of the relations between the Sassanid and Khaganat governments during one of the famous Iranian kings. The research results from this article will enable the reader to gain a fairly clear picture of the economic-political relations of the Sassanid and Göktürk states during the Khosrow-I era. Determining the role of the Byzantine Empire in relation to the economic intentions of the Turks and Sassanid kings and its impact on the economic trends of the world at that time will be current research conclusion.

The Iranian community in the 14th century, which coincided with the collapse of the Ilkhanid dynasty, was experiencing one of its instable historical periods.In these periods, there was always a sense of insecurity, everything was short-lived, there were ongoing wars, governments were shifting, and hence, instability had reached its peak. By a descriptive-analytic method, this research tries to examine components of social instability and its reflects in words of poems of this periods. We conclude that some components like insecurity and broad violence, prioritization of low-ranked people, disorder of people’s feeling, complaint about circumstances and drinking was reflected more in poets of those periods. According to works of poems, peoples lived in anxiety and distress in the periods. In their words, peoples was not happy but lived with sadness. Therefore, people isolated and was hoped to have better life in future. Negative words are more in works of poems.