نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، تابستان 1397)

Rural development is one of the important pillars of national development. Knowledge of the capacity, resources and capabilities of rural areas is an important prerequisite for development planning in these areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the coefficient of development of rural villages in the city of Nayer, Ardebil province. The research method is based on objective, cognitive and analytical-based method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 13 villages of over 300 people from among 100 villages in the city of Nayr and indicators used in the research, including social, health, cultural, educational, and ... indicators. Required data was collected using the Statistical Yearbook of 2011, referring to relevant departments and organizations and field findings. For data analysis, the rural development coefficient model has been used. The findings of the research indicate a large gap between the villages of the city of Nair, in which the villages of Qarashiran, Villaruz and Busjin are more developed than other villages and have higher developmental capability, while other villages have lower developmental capability and investment They will probably be defeated. The results of Pearson correlation test show that the relationship between population and developmental coefficient is high correlation, the higher the village population, the higher the coefficient of development. moreover, the study of the relationship between distance from urban centers and the coefficient of construction indicates a relatively weak correlation between these two factors, so that the proximity of villages to urban centers is relatively weak in their development.

Quality of life is a multi-dimensional and multi-concept term that has entered geography, especially human geography, since the 1960s, and today the main purpose of urban planning is to promote the quality of life of the inhabitants of the city. Quality of life consists of indices and sub-indices that assumes that they do not have the same importance and priority in each place, especially in two types of old and new texture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life indicators in a new and even old tissue (case study: Faizabad and Zafar city of Kermanshah). It also tries to study the rank and the contribution of each of these indicators and indicate the way of measurement in urban environments by describing and explaining the quality of life and identifying effective indicators. The basis for measuring the quality level in the old and new tissue is the economic, social, environmental, and physical indicators. The methodology is based on the information obtained through documentary studies and field studies. The questionnaire's data collection tool is scored in terms of the Likert spectrum. The score for these indicators is from one to five (very bad to very good or very low to very high), and the average score is 3. Data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and Friedman ranking model. Sample size was obtained through Cochran formula and sampling method was used to determine the neighborhood from cluster-space sampling. Next, random sampling was used to select the respondents. The results of the research indicate that the type and rank of quality of life indicators in each neighborhood are different, so that the physical index in the worst-case area of Faizabad has the highest rank and this situation in the new neighborhood of Zafar is related to the social index.

Revealing all kinds of land cover changes, as the basic information for different planning, is of particular importance and is one of the most important needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Because land use changes are widespread and extensive, remote sensing technology and the use of satellite imagery are an indispensable tool for assessing the extent and extent of land cover changes. This study was conducted to investigate land cover changes in the Lenjanat area, which includes Zayandehrud margin lands in three cities of Lenjan, Mobarakeh and Falavarjan in Isfahan during the last 15 years. In this study, landslide maps were prepared using Landsat Screenshots in 2001 and 2016, and using the Supervised classification method for maximum probability. Then, using the comparison method after the classification, the changes were made. Comparison of land use maps has shown that the level of coverage of the region, including agriculture and urban green space, has decreased. While the urban land surface reached 214.22 hectares in 2001 to 32148 hectares in 2016. During this period, about 13978
hectars (about 6.76) of vegetation were changed to urban lands. Thus, in the past 15 years, a significant part of the agricultural population has turned into residential and industrial areas around Zayanderroud's margin.

Nowadays, the importance of recognizing the factors influencing the quality of urban spaces in order to meet the needs of citizens in order to promote the presence and level of their social interactions becomes more and more important. The familiar citizen's perception of the environment is created in a process of experience and education, and the difference in sense of place in individuals and in cities and towns is the result of the difference in experiences from activities and spaces. By developing human societies and changing the way people live, the attention of architects, designers and planners has increased the quality of spaces and built environments. The role of design has become more important as a tool for shaping the ideal living environment and meeting the needs and expectations of mankind. One of the important meanings in improving the quality of human environments is the sense of belonging to the place. This feeling, which is an important factor in the formation of the communication bases of users and the environment, will ultimately lead to the creation of quality environments. The sense of place is one of the concepts whose further recognition can help researchers and planners in various fields and ultimately lead to the development of the environment. Physical and environmental features include: spatial layout, fitness, form, confinement, and visual aesthetics as well as factors such as: environmental and aesthetic factors and positioning, which are themselves an important factor in creating sense of belonging and should be well considered by designers and Planners. In fact, planning to improve the physical and environmental factors should also be aimed at increasing the possibility of forming various activities. It is also an improvement in the image of environment in the minds of the users in order to enhance the identity and sense of belonging in urban spaces.

Today, tourism is one of the most important sectors in economic activity, and it is always considered from a variety of perspectives. The growing importance of tourism in developing countries is further linked to the role that this industry can play in achieving the goals of the third millennium, in particular to create job opportunities and reduce poverty, promote gender equality and empower women, and pay attention to environmental sustainability. Also, tourism by generating income and economic growth can lead to improved living standards and poverty reduction. Many countries have increasingly recognized the fact that they have to take initiatives to improve their economic situation and seek new ways of reaching them. Therefore, the present study examines the tourism function on poverty reduction in developing countries. To this end, this paper explains the role of tourism development as one of the most innovative and productive industries in Iran (as one of the developing countries in the world) and its impact on poverty reduction.

Today, tourism, especially rural tourism, as one of the important economic sources, is an effective factor in the cultural, social and economic development of human societies and communities. Based on this, the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari, and especially rural settlements in the city of Koohrang, with its many attractions and excellent geographical location, can play a significant role in attracting domestic and foreign tourists. The findings of this paper have been written in the summer of 1396 with the aim of investigating the role of rural tourism in improving the development indicators in one of the cities of this province (villages of Sheikh Ali Khan and Chaman Goli). Research findings show that: The development of the tourism industry in the studied area has led to the promotion of development indicators in the economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions.

The tourism industry in the present era is one of the main strategies for development, especially for the less-developed or so-called Third World countries. The role and importance of the industry in creating jobs, increasing incomes, and economic growth and development are not at all anymore. Downstream of Zayandehrood basin from east of Isfahan to Gavkhooni Lagoon with many rural settlements with an ancient history and brilliant history. Considering the challenges of drought and water crisis, tourism development is one of the main strategies for employment creation, increasing incomes and preventing massive population migration to major cities in this region. This paper examines the capabilities and barriers of rural tourism development in this area by using the SWOT model to analyze the status of tourism and the ranking of villages and rural tourism attractions in this region. The result of this research is to identify and introduce the tourist attractions and villages and provide strategies for the development of rural tourism in the region.

Vardhast Village in Semirom is suitable because of climatic and geographical conditions for the cultivation of horticultural products, especially apples. Apples cultivation in this area, in addition to increasing farm incomes, has caused changes and changes in the physical condition of villages in the region, including the change in rural housing in this village. In this research, firstly, the factors affecting the production of apple in the region, then the method of how to change the space of residential units, the study of various types of building materials in rural homes are discussed. The method of analysis is descriptive-analytic and quantitative in terms of (qualitative) method. Research findings show that the most important factors influencing the production of apple in this region are climatic conditions, suitable soil, more money, and tree cultivation increases income and changes in the type of building materials used and changes in the interior and exterior space of the dwellings and It imitates the style of urban architecture and leaves the village out of its traditional way.