مجله علوم پیراپزشکی و بهداشت نظامی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 28، تابستان 1397)

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hand eczema and its related factors in the surgical technologists of the Iran University of Medical Sciences educationa hospitals in 2017 and 2018. Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study has been carried out among the surgical technologists working in the educational hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Census sampling was used as the sampling technique and the sample size was 200 individuals. Data were collected using two questionnaires. Self-administered questionnaire on hand dermatitis that was scored based on two-point Likert Scale (Yes=2, No=1) with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.89) and standard Job Stress Questionnaire designed by UK Institute of Health and Safety that consists of 35 questions scored based on the five-point Likert scale (Never=1, Often=5).This questionnaire had the validity and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.78. Data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS version 21. The results indicated that 72% of the examined technologists were female. 33.15% of them were between the ages of 31 to 40. Chi-square statistical analysis revealed that there was not any significant relationship between development of hand eczema of surgical technologists (P=0.064) based on the age (P=0.232), working hours per week (P=0.119), type of scrub solution (P=0.366), and the frequency of using gloves each day (P=0.053). However, the same relationship was significant in terms of frequency of hand disinfection in each shifts (P=0.043), the average hours of using gloves per day (P=0.047), and occupational stress (P=0.027).
Discussion and Since there are no clear statistics on skin diseases in healthcare professions, there is a concern about the skin health status of the personnel due to their exposure to blood-borne pathogens, which should be taken into account in the hospital indices.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins in the body which were caused by the changes in insulin secretion in the body. Diabetes is malfunctioning in the body’s vessels. This research aimed to develop a wound dressing that causes the damaged vessels to be reconstructed and it can improve diabetic wounds as soon as possible. Methods and Materials: In the present study, Chitosan was selected as a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer to form a wound dressing. Moreover, different cross linkers including betaglycerphosphate (BGP), triple polyphosphate (TPP) and alginate (ALg) were added as a Chtoson compositematerial material. Wound dressing has been made from Chitosan with beta-glycerophosphate, tripolyphate and alginate. In the scanning electron microscopy test,the CS-AL sample had the best structure for the number of cavities and uniformity of cavities. In the water absorption test, CS-AL sample had the best water absorption among other samples (3854%).In the wound dressing airborne test, only CS-AL wound dressing was achieved the minimum air permeation value. In the test of degradibility, the CS-AL sample was 80% degraded after 14 days, which is the appropriate percentage for ulcers. In addition, the GSNO was loaded into this wound dressing. Based on the results of this graval test, we see a peak generated at 540 nm including the release of nitric oxide gas from GSNO powder and GSNO containing ulcer. Discussion and Conclusion: After performing scanning electron microscopy, air permeation testing, water absorption and degradability, the CS-ALg specimen has the best conditions for producing the final wound dressing, then the GSNO powder was added as a release agent for nitric oxide to the wound dressing and the release of gas Nitric oxide was evaluated from the wound dressing. The constructed wound dressing, releases the Nitric oxide gas successfully in regarding to our study results.

Motivation is one of the significant tools in promoting employees to reach a better result and to create a positive working environment for successful implementation of the planned programs. This study was conducted to determine the job motivation of the surgical technologists in educational hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2016 and 2017. Methods and Materials: This article was descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 128 surgical technologists selected from operation rooms of educational hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences by census sampling. Data were collected using the 40-item questionnaire of Herzberg Occupational Motivation. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS software. The mean score of occupational motivation was 3.33 ± 0.52 (out of 4), which indicated medium to high occupational motivation among the surgical technologists. Among the internal factors, the nature of work and appreciation of employees were the most and the least important factors respectively. Among the external factors, salary and wage were the most important factors and supervision and the work policy had the least important factor. The results demonstrated that external factors are more important than internal factors in creating occupational motivation of surgical technologists. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the occupational motivation of the surgical technologists was higher than the average and the external factors were more important compared to the internal factors in creating occupational motivation.

whole body bone scan is one of the most useful procedures of nuclear medicine. Accurate distribution of radiopharmaceutical is yielded by using SPECT-CT. There are concerns about the radiation dose of CT part. The present study aimed to evaluate the patients’ dose in bone nuclear medicine imaging. Methods and Materials: First of all, the dose report of CT console was calibrated using CT head and body phantom. Then, imaging and personal data of 70 adult patients were collected. The software of Impact-Dose and MIRD were used to calculate the effective dose (ED) of CT and radiopharmaceutical respectively. CT dose were reported in terms of volume CT Dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), and ED. Patients doses were 2.02 mGy, 93.5 mGy.cm and 1.33 mSv in terms of CTDIvol, DLP, and ED respectively. The 3rd quartile was 3.01 mGy, 150 mGy.cm and 2.18 mSv. The highest dose was seen in multi-regional scan fields and the lowest was in head region. Discussion and Conclusion: The CT dose was considerable compared to the 99TC-MDP dose. Variations in received dose were caused by patient size and scan range. It is essential to increase the cares about the rules of optimization and justification for bone SPECT-CT.

Continuous Care Model has been designed and evaluated in relation to patients with chronic coronary artery disease by Ahmadi in 2001. This model consists of four stages of integration: orientation, sensitization, control, and evaluation. This review article aimed to introduce a continuous care model, approaches and perspective model, and explain the results of the articles which used this model. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching care model, continuous care and continuous care model key words in various data bases such as ISI, Sid, Iran Medex, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Proquest from 2001 to 2018. Some of these articles were excluded from the study in case of restricted access to full text of article or unrelated results. Finally, 31 articles were selected and used in this study. The follow up care model has been studied to review the related articles. Introducing the model and explaining the steps included familiarity with the follow up care model, the basic functions of the follow up care model, the stages of implementation of the follow up care model, the stages of familiarization, the sensitization step, the control stage and evaluation stage. Discussion and Conclusion: A Continuous Care Model is a model in which continuous education and care are the basis of its work. In this process, the effective interaction between caregivers, the patient and the family is significant to lead the mutual understanding and acceptance. Furthermore, the positive effect of this model on investigated cases has been reported in majority of studies.

A wide variety of protozoa and helminthes could influence the heart directly or indirectly. The manifestations may lead to different warning signs with the most frequent myocardium and pericardium. The parasites related to the heart diseases are reviewed in the present study. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching cardiac disease, helminthes, and protozoa key words in the specific data base of medical sciences including ISC, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and google scholar. Parasites could invade myocardium, pericardium, and vascular tissue that cause pericarditis and myocarditis. Furthermore, chronic parasitic infection in immunocompromised individual, organ transplant recipients, and AIDS patients could be reactivated and resulted systemic disease that finally lead to heart involvement. Discussion and Conclusion: Nowadays, the parasitic infections may be observed anywhere in the world because of the widespread migration and the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients. The actual way of heart failure diagnosis in parasitic disease is information about the epidemiological risk factors and common clinical manifestations. Therefore, the physicians must have enough knowledge about these facts to consider the possibility of a parasitic infection in the differential diagnosis.

Zika virus was identified in Uganda in the Zika Forest in 1947. It is a tropical disease transmitted by mosquito which is similar to Dengune virus, the western Nile virus and yellow fever. While the virus does not cause the illness in mosquitoes, feeding mosquitoes from the blood of the patients transmit virus to the healthy subjects. The prevalence of the virus was limited to Africa and Southeast Asia until 2007 and no one paid much attention to it. The virus was spread in one of the Islands of Pacific Ocean called Micronesia, in 2007. The present article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies for Zika virus. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching Zika and Zika viruses keywords in various data bases such as SID, Google Scholar, and Magiran. Since Zika virus has been introduced as an urgency by the World Health Organization (IMO)and due to the significance of the topic, this article is concerned on the virus, disease, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and counseling strategies for pregnant women and the way they are evaluated. Discussion and Conclusion: The present article examines the ways of transmission, a suitable basis for the development and the prevalence of Zika virus in different countries including our country. Considering the several travels to Brazil, the prevalence of this virus and preventing the outbreak of Zika virus to authorities are advised to provide mobile laboratories at the country’s air terminals to carry out medical examinations and screen the travelers to these countries to avoid other health problems in our country. In conclusion, prevalence is always better than treatment.

Over the years, renal insufficiency caused by liver disorders was an obstacle to liver transplantation in these patients. After presenting a system for the evaluation of various stages of liver disease, simultaneous transplantation of the liver and kidney is considered an appropriate therapeutic treatment in patients who are at the end stage of the liver disease and have secondary renal failure too. In this study, we report a case of simultaneous transplantation of the kidney and liver. Patient Description: The patient was an 18 years old man who had hepatic insufficiency and recurrent renal stone that was lead to the terminal renal failure. Therefore, he has been undergoing hemodialysis from the previous 8 months ago. After examining the patient, he became a candidate for the simultaneous kidney and liver transplantation. The patient was placed in the position of spinal and general anesthesia was performed after receiving her in the operation room. First, the kidney transplantation team performed the surgical intervention by cutting the Gibson surgery on the left side of the patient. Then, a liver transplantation was performed with Chemokine anesthesia and the donated liver was transplanted. After the operation, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit for further care. Given the rising life expectancy in patients undergoing simultaneous multi organs transplantations, nowadays simultaneous transplantation of kidney and liver is considered as a selective method among patients with liver insufficiency that should be considered by professionals in this field.