نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 15 (پاییز 1396)

Over the past few years, there have been several policies and programs for improving the quality urban fabric and redevelopment. One of the new policies toward the urban development in general and in reconstructing disrupted areas in particular, is the use of development stimulus measures and projects intended to accelerate and facilitate the transformation of these textures. The historical texture of Qom city as the heart of this city includes richest physical cultural and historical values through the province and even at the national scale. Current study aims to analyzing the feasibity of these projects on the develoment of the historical section of the city. The methodology of thew research is based on statistical-analitical approaches whch is accompanied with field survey (interview and questionnaire). The collected data was assessed using SPSS and statistical tests (T single sample, Fridman, Anova, etc.). The findings of the research revealed that none of the projects has been able to act as stimulus of urban development in the historical texture in terms of economic, social-cultural environmental and physical aspects. From the point of economic impact, projects such as Amar-Yaser Road, Shahid Rohani Street and vertical parking can be recognized as successful projects. From a social point all of the projects failed except Amar-Yaser Road. Considering environmental impact, except Amar-Yaser and Shahid Rohani streets, all projects have achieved their goals; and in terms of physical all projects have been affective but projects Amar-Yaser and Shahid Rohani streets had most effect.

Polarized and Mono-Centric Cities have experienced a chaotic expansion, in partial contrast with the specially balanced development. Polarization causes problems such as the uneven dispersion of the urban system and activity in the structure and organization of the region like Excessive Center, environmental pollution, traffic and ultimately reduces the quality of life in practice. There are different patterns of development and spatial equivalency in the city-region, one of Polycentric Development. The concept of poly-centric development is regional and trans-regional is a new approach that has extracted from ESDP (European Spatial Development Plan) and becomes a new attitude of development in another regions and countries. The main goal of this article is to consider the problems of the Rasht city-region, which assesses the spatial development of this area based on the principles of Poly-Centric Development. In this regard, Poly-Centric spatial development indicators are result from two theoretical and functional modalities and evaluated quantitatively. Based on the results of the research, the Rasht City-Region does not have the structural potential of developing Poly-Centric model and it has a hierarchical and Mono-Central structure.

During the last decades, as the result of ever-increasing urbanization and lack of appropriate planning across the urban neighborhoods, the environment quality of neighborhoods has been decreased and some problems such as worn-out texture, decreased the sense of attachment toward the neighborhood, inequity of service distribution as well as lack of public cooperation occurred. For this reason, various ideas concerning improving the quality of urban neighborhoods and attracting public cooperation have been suggested by the experts and masters in this field. This research analyzes social-economic quality of dwellers in old texture by considering neighborhood-centered approach as well as the situation of urban old texture and the priority of renewal and reconstruction by considering worn-out texture. The research method was analytical-descriptive and data collection was of the field and library type. In order to be familiar with the existing problems in neighborhood, quality of the environment and social life of dwellers, a questionnaire having the sample size of 380 was set and studied after recognizing and addressing criteria and its relevant sub-criteria. For analyzing the data resulted from questionnaire, SPSS software and statistical methods such as Spearman test were applied. From the view of residents of Najaf Abad, zone I, the results of this research indicate that the neighborhoods and zone need to be renewed and reconstructed by public cooperation. Moreover, among the studied sub-criteria, facilitating the intervention in textures due to the high percent of 1 & 2 - story buildings (0.364), clearness of zone and texture and high cooperation of municipalities and people in the field of gathering the wastes (0.352), and low fees of rents (0.312) are the most important strength points and developing and reinforcing the access network and correcting old passages of texture (0.288), developing and improving tourism industry (0.276), the presence of communication roads with the other cities and the possibility of developing and improving texture in this zone (0.272) are the most opportunities. Finally, some strategies were suggested for promoting the quality of environment using SWOT strategic analysis and two main questions answered at the end of thesis using VIKOR method.

Lack of control in people immigrations from the villages to the big cities has caused many problems in those cities including economic-social problems in cities and emigration from rural areas which won’t be advantageous to increase of employment and production. Therefore, implementing the proper policies especially the rurban policy is considered as an appropriate strategy to avoid the immigration of rural people to the big cities. Hence, this paper done the method is analytical-descriptive. The population of the research includes the family of Ilam province's rurbans, then sample of 366 person was chosen by Cochran formula and multistage cluster sampling and the questionnaires were distributed on them. They were analyzed by Shannon entropy model and LISREL. The results of Entropy Shanonn in the 1390 census indicate that the spatial distribution of cities in Ilam province is moving towards the balance. Also, the policy of village-city and its performance have been positive in Ilam provine. And, the province is achieving a balance in the population density and urban development. Moreover, the analysis of data from the questionnaires shows that if the principles and standards of rurban policy and its use are maintained, this policy will have a positive and meaningful effect on decrease of migration and population movements to the big cities and metropolises in small cities of Ilam province.

Nowadays, finding a shelter is beyond the concept housing cand has a ritical role in physical qualityof cities. Housing as the smallest element in creating settlements is one of the most important geographic phenomena in each region. Housing became a complex problem due to rapid population growth, the tendency to own independent housing, the cost of urban land and lack of services. The main objective of this research is to rank the neighborhoods of Babolsar city based on housing indices. The methodology of the reseach is based on descriptive-analytic approaches. The data were related to 19 neighborhoods, 420 blocks and 15459 housing units which are extracted from blocks on the results of national census of 1390. The decision models ws used to analyze and rank the neighborhoods which included TOPSIS, VIKOR and Electre and integration techniques; and to determine the spatial balance the Williamson index was applied. Results indicate that parking areas and Nokhost vaziri in almost all models with the highest level and Bebesarrozeh neighborhoods have the lowest level. Also there was no significant relationship between the distance of the city center and housing utility. But there can be seen a high correlation between the coastal neighborhoods and the quality of housing.

The worn out texture are the natural manifestation of urban poverty, which is found mostly in the old and central parts of the city. In this paper, while investigating the problems and potentials in the target area (poor), the purpose of planning, strategies and implementing policies for development is presented based on the socio-cultural and economic conditions of the targeted neighborhoods. The present research is a developmental-applied type. The statistical population of this research is the agglomerated neighborhoods of Ahwaz 1 and 7 districts, which consists of 15 neighborhoods. Finally, 4 neighborhoods of the planning purpose were selected from the above mentioned neighborhoods. In this regard, from 5 dimensions and 50 indicators, using entropy and topsis models, using SPSS and Excell software for ranking the poorest neighborhoods, were used and further planned to identify the best strategy for the development of neighborhoods and solve the problem of urban poverty in target areas Planning is based on the AIDA technique of analyzing decision-making fields. According to the findings of this research, the weakness of urban management and urbanization over urban planning and weakness of urban infrastructure is one of the most important problems in the target area. The researchers, with their attitude towards physical, economic, social, cultural and managerial conditions, have the capacity to develop neighborhoods by providing management projects and operational offerings.

With regard to the relationship between human activity and culture, city is the place where culture current through activities and human connection. The form of the city, especially city views represent this relationship and identified coexistence of values and traditions. Due to overcrowding study area, great shops and libraries and, most important, the establishment of the Tehran University along the way the project was not in line with these conditions. Also, poorly written plan and difficult to follow the implementation of this plan provides grounds for the assumption that the visual pollution in this important area (from Jamalzadeh intersection to Valiasr intersection) is too much. However, according to visual beautify improvement projects by beautification organization of district Six in Tehran visual disturbances expected in the range of not more than average. To test this hypothesis, the concept of visual disturbance in index six and twenty-seven operational definition was introduced. Then, in a descriptive-analytic study method, the required data were collected through questionnaires (Likret scale). Through simple and average techniques as well as one- sample t-test, visual pollution of these areas were analyzed. Results also acceptation the hypothesis and showed that visual disturbances of Jamalzadeh to ValiAsr intersection range, Activities and performance index are high, and the other indicators at moderate to low. Composite Index indicates that the visual pollution in this area at moderate.