مجله تعالی بالینی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1397)

Social capital is directly and indirectly linked to health, Social capital is known as a health promotion strategy. Considering the fact that nurses have direct contact with patients and referrers to health centers as one of the most important occupations affected by the social capital approach, therefore, the present study is based on the effects of social capital in the nursing profession.
This study is a systematic review study.Data collection is done using the articles published in the Google Scholar, Scopus, Pummed, Magiran, Science Direct, Iranmedex, SID databases. Searching for studies without time limit and using the keywords of Nurse, Social capital, Nursing Profession in the titles of articles.
The findings showed that social capital was associated with general health, organizational culture, job burnout, citizenship behavior and job satisfaction.
Considering that social capital is one of the most effective indicators for organizational promotion and organizational performance, the importance of social capital leads to productivity and efficiency of the organization.
Considering the importance of nursing jobs, provide job Satisfaction And life satisfaction of nurses leads to the satisfaction of clients and recipients of health care services.

Liver, is the main organ of metabolism and excretion. Liver injury induced by hepatotoxins, such as CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) has been well recognized as a toxicological problem in the world. Several studies have been shown that Carbon Tetrachloride produces hepatotoxicity in human as well as in various experimental animals. During the process of CCl4 poisoning, generation of reactive intermediate metabolites from the metabolism of hepatotoxins, and the occurrence of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS and RNS) during the inflammatory reaction account for a variety of pathophysiologic pathways leading to cell death. On the other hand, Oxidative stress (resulting from an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and the antioxidant defense) affects macromolecules causing their structural alterations that lead to the cell damage and its death. Despite studies for decades as well as advancement of our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and novel drugs, there are still limited effective therapeutic interventions for liver diseases. The general strategy for prevention and treatment of liver damage includes reducing the production of reactive metabolites by using antioxidants. On the other hand, In various investigations it has been shown that natural products such as Medicinal plants, have always been considered as a rich source of new effective compounds for treatment of toxicity induced by CCl4. in this article we will try to have a review of important studies about protective effect of natural products on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, which is classified by IARC in the 2B category of carcinogenic factors in human bodies due to immunotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. OTA is known as the Balkan endemic nephropathy agent which causes renal cancer. Feeding animals with OTA-contaminated grains will make their milk and meat toxic enough to threaten human health. Pregnant and breast-feeding women as well as children who consume a large amount of milk and meat on a daily basis are threatened the most. OTA represents one of the most challenging issues in clinical medicine and global food safety because its harmful effects, including growing incidence of cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, infertility and inhibition of gluconeogenesis, are under serious consideration by researchers. In light of the significance of OTA health threats and FAO and WHO recommendations for OTA monitoring in grains, this study aims to examine OTA presence in rice and bread.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Social support plays a major role in coping with chronic and serious diseases, such as cancer, is also a major contributor to the mental health and quality of life of cancer patients. The present review article aims to examine social support in Breast cancer was taken. This study is a review study. Information was searched for in Scopus ،SID, MSRT, Irandoc, Magiran, Google Scholar and PubMed scientific databases without time limitations. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. In this study, 10 papers from 208 studies that had inclusion criteria were studied. Data showed a positive and significant relationship between the rate of family social support and the type of disease control. Among the dimensions of social support, family support has been able to predict the variance of psychological well-being at a significant level that should be considered in the course of the improvement and treatment of breast cancer. Findings indicate that social support has a significant impact on the progression, treatment, and improvement of breast cancer.