Focus on Science
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Feb 2018

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important factors in children’s urinary tract infections. Resistance to routine antibiotics is a major problem in the therapeutic process. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance and to investigate the prevalence of bla-TEM gene in K.pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 120 samples of K.pneumonia isolated from children with urinary tract infection referring to hospitals in Tabriz. Samples were isolated and identified using standard laboratory methods and microbiology and culture in specific environments. Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method were performed. In order to identify the bla-TEM gene, the combined disk test was used as a phenotypic method and PCR method was used to identify the genotypes. The highest sensitivity to the antibiotics was Tazocin(88%) and Aztreonam (87%). The combined test results showed that 26 isolates producing Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamases, of which 22 were isolates with the bla-TEM beta-lactamase gene. By increasing the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, rapid and timely diagnosis of antibiotic-resistant strains is necessary in order to select appropriate treatments and to prevent the spread of resistance.

Sexual disorders are common among women. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pelvic exercises on women›s sexual satisfaction. Fifty subjects among 20-40-year-old women referring to the counseling center No. 1 of Rafsanjan Health Department were selected using convenient sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The participants completed Linda Berg›s Sexual Satisfaction Scale in pretest and posttests. Five training sessions were
held on pelvic muscle (Kegel) exercises for the experimental group. The control group received no training.The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square test and covariance analysis. Sexual satisfaction did not differ between the two groups in pretest (P = 0.614). No high rate of sexual satisfaction was observed for both groups in the pre-test; however, the difference was significant between the pre- and post-test sexual satisfaction scores for the experimental group (P = 0.02). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the sexual satisfaction scores in the post-test for both groups (P < 0.001). The Kegel exercise has an impact on women›s sexual satisfaction; therefore, gynecologists, midwives, and psychologists can also benefit from this exercise to improve women›s sexual function.

The quality of semen is one of the main determinants of male fertility. The fertility of a sperm depends on several parameters, such as count, motility and morphology, which are affected by many factors. The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that elevated sperm count leads to high consumption of semen nutrients, which probably has a negative effect on the sperm quality and efficiency. In this descriptive study, spermogram of 278 infertile men referring to one of the medical diagnostic laboratory for semen analysis as part of a work-up for infertility investigations (Rafsanjan, Iran) were investigated. After informed consent and 3-5 days' sexual intercourse absenteeism, Semen samples were collected. The sperm count, sperm motility (fast, slow, non-progressive motility) and sperm viability were evaluated based on the WHO guidelines (2010). Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) software was utilized to evaluate indices of sperm. Data analyzed by SPSS 16 and Pearson correlation coefficient and one way ANOVA. The results showed that the sperm count significantly was directly related to viability rate, motility, fast, slow and non-progressive sperm, but the relationship between the sperm count and the semen volume was significant and negative. The obtained results demonstrated that the sperm count can be a factor directly associated with sperm motility and viability rates, as well as the elevated sperm count significantly increases the sperm quality and efficiency. Our findings did not confirm the hypothesis that the sperm quality and efficiency are reduced possibly by increasing sperm count due to high consumption of the semen nutrients.

Cytokeratin 18 is a cytoskeleton protein. M30 antigen is a fragment of cytokeratin 18 which forms during apoptotic cell death and is released into circulation. The purpose of this study was to examine serum M30 antigen level as marker of apoptosis in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Blood samples were taken on admission, on the third and seventh days of hospitalization. Serum level of M30 antigen was measured by enzyme-linked immunassay. Serum level of M30 antigen was higher in AMI patients on the admission as compared to control group (P<0.001). A time-dependent slight increase and then a reliable decrease were observed in its level during the therapy. When the patient group was divided into subgroups according to type of the reperfusion, no significant difference was found between primary PTCA group and thrombolytic therapy group for serum level of M30 antigen. Serum level of M30 antigen increases in AMI patients and exhibits a time-dependent change during the therapy. Results of this preliminary study shows that M30 antigen may have the potential of to be considered as a biomarker for apoptosis in AMI.

Eye infectious is one of the most dangerous infections in hospitalized patients especially intensive care unit. The aim of this study was investigate the changes in microbial of eye surface of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Rafsanjan Ali-ibn Abitalib hospital (AS) hospital. All patients admitted to the intensive care unit in the first six months of 2015 were studied. At admission and then every 7 days a sampling of ocular surface patients with culture processes, microorganisms were identified. Data analyzed by SPSS-16 using Friedman test. During this time, 60 patients with a mean age of 26 years were studied. 45 patients had positive bacterial culture on admission. Klebsiella, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas and E-coli were observed in culture, and their changes were statistically significant. Eye infections in ICU patients is Serious and health care processes must be changes fundamentally to prevent infection

Cancer is leading cause of death around the world. There are many strategies have been planned to tackle the cancer progression but each has its own merits and demerits. The microRNA`s are controlling 60 percent human genome, have role in progressive timing, organogenesis, hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis and possibly tumorgenesis by amplification or deletion of genes. There are many drugs like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Celecoxib and genistein were used to modulate the miRNA`s expression but their success rate remained least. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9) is emerging technology used to modulate the expression of miR-17, miR-200c, and miR-141 with 96 percent success rate. This review will provide us information about the potential therapeutic use of CRISPR/Cas9 against defaulted microRNA`s in the longstanding repression and beginning or inhibition of cancer.

Zinc phosphide is a rodenticide compound which converts to phosphide gas and leads to impairment of mitochondrial respiration. Previously, several cases of suicide attempt by ingestion of metal phosphide including aluminum and zinc phosphide have been reported. However, suicide attempt by injection of zinc phosphide has not been reported in the literature. In this paper, we report a suicide attempt by subcutaneous selfinjection of zinc phosphide in forearm in a18-year- old female. Allergic reactions, hives, angioedema and suffocation were present in our patient at the time of admission. Vital signs and laboratory tests all were in normal ranges. Supportive therapy was performed for the patient. The patient underwent supervision of a psychiatrist. Citalopram 20 mg and Valproate sodium 200 mg were prescribed for the patient. Since, zinc phosphide poisoning has a high mortality rate, prompt resuscitation effort is crucial to improve survival. Supportive therapy is all we can do for patients. It seems that injection of zinc phosphide under the skin is not life-threatening.