فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، پاییز 1397)

Religious conceptualization is the basis for the application of religious ideas in different individual, family and social levels. The purpose of this research is to develop a conceptual model of nearness to God and its validation based on Allameh Tabataba'i's thoughts. In the development of the model, the methodology of this fundamental research is descriptive –analytical and in terms of content analysis, it is qualitative. In the validation section, the Delphi method with two coefficients of the ratio of validity and content validity index is used. With reflection on the terminology of "nearness" and its analysis in Allamah Tabataba'i's thoughts, the three components of gradual movement, transcendence-seeking selection and programming, and the eight sub-components of awareness-raising, rapprochement, unification, pragmatism, transcendental goal selection, routing, alertness and adherence were identified. Based on these components, nearness to God is a gradual movement through which the soul selects the transcendental goal of nearness to God in the path of devotion, modifies his beliefs, emotions, motives and behaviors, and gradually earns perfection with vigilance and adherence to the laws of God. Therefore, it can be said that religious teachings have the capacity for psychological explanation and the design of conceptual models, and prepare the ground for dialogue about the application of religious concepts in the individual and social health.

Scholars have studied religion and its emotional structures in different approaches to psychology, and created the basis for psychometric study of religion and religious phenomena. The purpose of this research is to develop the model of the appearance of fear of God based on Allamah Tabatabai's view. Inferential content analysis method was used to develop the appearance model. The textual population of research is the written works of Allamah Tabatabai and the textual sample of the study is 12 volumes of the commentary of al-Mizan. The findings of the study showed that the emotional model of fear of God is based on two general aspects of ontology and psychology, and has four levels (consciousness, cognition, emotion and behavior). Also, in the process of the appearance of fear of God, the cognitive element includes the recognition of purpose, the recognition of the characteristics of God and the knowledge of human characteristics; the motivational element includes motive for the prevention of harm, and the element of behavior includes avoiding the source of fear and progress towards the goal. Therefore, the emotion of fear of God based on Allamah Tabatabai’s thought has a clear definition and a psychological appearance model.

The Present study is designed to determine the effectiveness of existential therapy based on the Holy Qur'an on the positive change in the beliefs of MS patients. The statistical population of this study included all MS patients covered by social security insurance. A questionnaire was developed for MS patients to assess their existential beliefs and investigate the effectiveness of existential therapy derived from the Holy Quran. After collecting the researcher-developed questionnaire and following the process of factor analysis, elicitation of the factors contributing to the existential beliefs of the patients was performed, which ‘respectively, included existential beliefs regarding: 1. Being in the meaningful world; 2. Faith and truth; 3. Self-awareness and Responsibility; 4. Forgiveness and love for others. At the final stage, the questionnaire was modified and given to two experimental and control groups to examine the positive change in beliefs. The results of the study showed that existential therapy is effective in the positive change in MS patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching patience for the psychological well-being and hope among the mothers of mentally retarded children. The research method was semi-experimental, (pre-test, post-test design with control group) and convenience sampling method was used. The subjects were 20 mothers of mentally retarded children in Tehran, who were identified as being impatient by means of patience scale and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The mothers responded to the psychological well-being and hope questionnaires. Patience training was performed as an intervention in the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Before the intervention, after the end of the training sessions, as well as two months after the intervention, the psychological well-being and hope questionnaires were completed. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis and paired t-test. The results of this study showed that patience training is effective in promoting hope and psychological well-being. Therefore, the teaching of patience can be used to promote the hope and psychological well-being of the mothers of mentally retarded children.

The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on the parameters of the model of coping with loss, hope and spiritual well-being in grieving students. The research was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and control group. From among the grieving students at Mohaghegh Ardabili University, 30 undergraduate students were selected using convenience sampling method. Schneider Hope Questionnaire and Spiritual Health Questionnaire were used as pre-test and post-test in this study. The Data were analyzed using the statistical analysis of covariance. The results of the data analysis indicated that cognitive-behavioral group therapy is beneficial for increasing the hope and spiritual well-being of grieving individuals, and there is a significant difference between the two groups (P</001). Accordingly, it can be said that cognitive-behavioral group therapy is effective in improving the parameters of the model a coping with loss; it helps the grieving individuals in their emotional discharge and acceptance of death, and increases their hope and spiritual well-being.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of religion-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on students’ resilience and happiness. 375 university students responded to Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. From among those who scored a standard deviation below average in the resilience and happiness questionnaires, 40 were randomly selected. Due to the loss of 6 subjects in the experimental group, the control group was equally matched. Subjects were then divided into two experimental and control groups (n = 14). Religion-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was presented to the experimental group in ten 90 -minute sessions. During this time period, the control group did not receive any intervention. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of resilience and happiness (P</001); the level of resilience and happiness in the experimental group was significantly higher than the pre-test and control group. The results of the study show that psychotherapy, especially religion-based cognitive-behavioral interventions, along with medical treatments increases the resilience and happiness of students.

The Purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between Islamic lifestyle, meaning of life and emotional intelligence with university students’ mental health. This descriptive study is correlational. A sample of 238 undergraduate and postgraduate students was selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using the questionnaires of general health, Islamic lifestyle, meaning of life and emotional intelligence. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that Islamic lifestyle and emotional intelligence have a positive and significant relationship with students' mental health, but there is no significant relationship between meaning of life and mental health of students. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that 16.7 percent of variance of mental health is explained by the variables of Islamic lifestyle, meaning of life and emotional intelligence. Therefore, these variables play a significant role in predicting the mental health of students, and mental health can be improved by providing necessary planning and training.