فصلنامه زیبایی شناسی ادبی
سال نهم شماره 35 (بهار 1397)

Foregrounding is a subcategory of formalist criticisms in which those criticisms that are associated with the literacy of a text are considered. Regarding this theory, poets and writers in order to avoid tedious repetition and monotony, try to create creativity and through applying deviation, extra regularity on the surface of language, change the linguistic surface of speech from recession. Since Hussain Monzavi is one of the contemporary competent poets in the field of sonnet, he has many initiatives in poetry. Therefore, the present paper by the use of descriptive- analytic approach aims to investigate the lexical and syntactic foregrounding in the poetry of Monzavi. The aim of this research is to reveal the elements which can cause the lexical and syntactic foregrounding in his poems. The results of the study indicated that Monzavi has highlighted his poetry through deviation, extra regularity and thisforegrounding is evident in in all levels of his poetic language and the main secret of the poet's success in foregrounding is the combination of both the traditional and the new methods.

Qeysar Aminpour is one of the well-known contemporary poets that has written about various subjects. One of those fields is the resistance literature that he has expressed the self-devotion and sacrifice of his compatriots in defending the borders of Iran, stating his eminent message and aim by ideal innovations and wonderful contributions. One of the technics of Qeysar in creating these durable works is benefitting from figures of speech; however, the important point is that Aminpour has mainly benefitted from some figures of speech in specific subjects, such as resistance literature, which is the origin of creating epopee and epics, and this artistic selection has caused his poems to be more attractive and rational, and provide extensive effects on the addressees. By profound search in one of the important figures of speech, i.e. exaggeration, it has been tried in this article to show its uses in the resistance poetry of Qeysar Aminpour, and analyze the state of its applications in his poetry.

Palilogy is one of rhetoric industries that might be realized in different ways: Palilogy of vowels, Palilogy of words and phrases, Palilogy of consonants, or Palilogy of consonants and vowels together. In addition to the above-mentioned points, sometimes poem concepts are repeated along with different phrases in different words and forms. Moreover, Palilogy of words along with similar syntactic structures might strengthen the poem music and lead to semantic expansion. Tahereh Saffarzadeh, as one of the prominent poets before and after the Islamic revolution, has made use of these Palilogy abundantly and Palilogy could be mentioned as one of the main features of her poems. The present study, which is of descriptive-analytic type, is an attempt to examine and describe the element of Palilogy in her works especially in her "Allegiance with vigilance" book as one of her most effective and impressive works between years of 56-58. The results revealed that she depicts the chaotic conditions of the society via Palilogy. She could, in fact, compensate for the shortage or lack of external music by repeating phonemes, words, or phrases and create considerable meanings and plays an important role in awareness raising of the people.

Aesthetics in poetry is one of the most important discussions in literary criticism, a topic which deserves a lot of care and attention from the perspective of verbal and spiritual devices and rhetorical points. Consequently using a descriptive-analytical approach, this research takes a brief look at the topic of poetic aesthetics and then looks into the musical beauty and its derivatives in various kinds of external adjacent, internal and spiritual musics in the elegies of Al-Mutanabbi the outstanding and mighty poet of the Abbasid era in Arabic literature. In his elegies, Al-Mutanabbi has culminated internal and external beauties of music and morality, and has utilized rhyme and row as the main component of adjacent music. The position of literary arts and lexical symmetry is evident in the elegies of Al-Mutanabbi which plays a very crucial role in the imagery and fantasy of these poems. Moreover, the thought-provoking point worth mentioning is that the relationship of rhyme as the adjacent music with the terms inside a couplet in different shapes augments the beauty and the musicality of the elegies of Mutanabbi. This fact demonstrates the prowess and artistic characteristics of the poet.

"Allegori’s aesthetics in Rumi’s Masnavi with tendency towars Nostalgia feeling"
Nostalgia or feeling of foretime homesickness is a mental condition that unconsciously appears in an individual and changes into a thought in him. In literature arena this condition happens for a poet, or writer who gets a feeling of aversion toward present, as a result of his individual motivations or social-political situation around him. In gamut of mystical literature it must be mentioned that mysticism is throughout nostalgia ,a strange feeling that accompany with the matter of aesthetics in many of literary texts especially Rumi’s works.
Rumi’s Masnavi is full of different allegories. He uses method of allegory for better representation of subjects he wants to express. Existence of allegory to this extant in his works is the sign of his high awareness and special expression style. One of important technics that Rumi uses in explanation of his allegorical stories is that he suddenly changes his address towards eternal beloved and this matter shows his passion to joiner, which is his only target in all of his works especially Masnavi.
If human’s separation is because of his bad behavior, God if you behave badly with the sinful person, so what is your difference with him?
This article tries in addition to the study of Rumi’s poems and different examples of the psychological problem of Nostalgia, research in matter of allegory’s aesthetics in format of nostalgic language and mystic concepts and better realization of these subjects for their audiences

Vis and Ramin poem is the first romantic Masnavi in Persian literature. Also In terms of beautiful array literal, and exquisite images created in it, is considered as pioneering work in Iran literature. However, conducted research in relation to this poem, and is limited on specific areas. Among the topics that remains unknown in recognizing the story of Vis and Ramin is evaluation of astronomical reform and image processing quality by them. Current study aims to introduce of this work, and paid to look at it from the imaging perspective with elements and astrology. This perspective represents the Fakhruddin As'ad Gorgani knowledge in astronomy and folk beliefs about the divine elements, and also his power to create exquisite images. This article with an astronomy approach and descriptive – analytical method pays to evaluation of his desire questions. The obtained results show that Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani is Scholar in the world of astronomy, folk beliefs regarding the celestial bodies, and capable composer in drawing untouched pictures by the elements.

The coup d'état of August, 1953 was one of the events that influenced the thoughts and depths of Iranian public sentiment and brought about despairing feelings of frustration and sadness that turned the heat of August into a harsh winter.
At this point, from the time that stories, paintings and other arts in the reflection of social realities were not yet taken seriously, poetry as a flagship of art and culture as a mirror capable of reflecting many of the social issues of that day was a means of expressing the commitment of poets Because the Akhavan Treasures were. He used the methods of "poetic allegories" in his semiotic poetry, based on a philosophical disappointment that was the result of the frustration of the social and political breakdown of 1332, that he was able to protest himself against a society composed of selfish and alien humans to express social realities.
The present paper seeks to demonstrate that by using the descriptive-analytical method and using the method of analyzing the contents of Akhavan poems, he - unlike many who have convinced - despite the belief in failure and failure, with epic poetry itself Khorasani's style, to express the cold intensity of the winter cruelty without the warmth of the justice of the spring, never despairs from breathing the spirit of life and hope and refreshing the struggle and endeavor to reach for itself and its people to a point and a halt everywhere.

The neglect of the rhetoric of literary texts from the fifth century onwards has been one of the factors that prevented the traditional Persian-Arabic rhetoric of progress and ignored the innovations of poets and writers. An example of these creations is Organic Composition of the literary arts, which, regardless of the traditional methods, has been referred to temporarily and systematically by some traditional or contemporary scholars as the accompaniment or combination of literary arrays. But in this study, using the theory of the combined structure emphasizing the interrelationship and dependence of elements of a structure, which was proposed by the structuralists of Prague circle as well as the new critics, we tried to systematize this literary truth and focus on the metaphor, We have sampled it in the Panj ganj of Nezami Ganjawi. First, we introduce all the foundations, with the necessary examples and descriptions, and divided them into two or more dimensional structures. Then, through the table, we show the frequency of their use in each of the five scriptures in order to systematically determine the capabilities of this literary truth as well as the quantity and quality of its use in Nezami poetry. As can be seen in this study, in this type of combination, metaphors with different innovative arrays have unified and created structures, the most important achievement of which in relation to poetic language is Defamiliarization with the Literary arrays that are due to use. They have become too familiar with the process of getting acquainted.

The study of the aesthetic vocabulary - Baba Tahir's two-bit ruling is one of the most important analytical issues for assessing and assessing the literary style of these poems. In this study, the changes that have taken place in the appendixes and short and long images and researches on how to reduce and intensify the unusual vocabulary and vocabulary in the field of military vocabulary is of particular importance.
The study of the aesthetic vocabulary - Baba Tahir's two-bit ruling is one of the most important analytical issues for assessing and assessing the literary style of these poems. In this study, the changes that have taken place in the appendixes and short and long images and researches on how to reduce and intensify the unusual vocabulary and vocabulary in the field of military vocabulary is of particular importance.
The study of the aesthetic vocabulary - Baba Tahir's two-bit ruling is one of the most important analytical issues for assessing and assessing the literary style of these poems. In this study, the changes that have taken place in the appendixes and short and long images and researches on how to reduce and intensify the unusual vocabulary and vocabulary in the field of military vocabulary is of particular importance.