Journal of Disease and Diagnosis
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Jan 2016

Recently, psychologists used the benefits of religion to promote a healthier community and educational status of students due to lots of investigations which indicated the positive effects of religion on mental health and self-regulation of students. This study examines religious beliefs among medical students of Bandar Abbas Medical School and its association with their academic performance and mental health. Subjects and This cross-sectional study was performed on 60 medical student in 2015. Data was gathered through three part questionnaire: demographic characteristics, religious beliefs questionnaire which was designed by Golriz and Baraheni and also the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–28). The obtained data were statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test by SPSS version 19 for windows. There were 54 respondents from the total population of 60 students with a response rate of 90%. Highest percentage of students (38.89%) had good religious beliefs and mental health problem was also diagnosed in 17 (31.5 %) of respondents population. Among subjects, 11 students (20.37%) had "high" scores, 18 students (33.33%) had "good" scores, 15 students (27.78%) had "normal" scores and 10 students (18.52%) had "low" scores. Data analysis indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between the religious belief status of participants and their mental health status and also negative correlation of religiosity with smoking. However, no significant relevance was observed between religious values and academic performance.

Endurance training has significant effects on the renewal of heart tissue, including myosin heavy chain (MHC) proteins. On the other side, Purine-rich element-binding protein &beta (purB) decreases the &alphaMHC gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of exercise endurance training on purB gene expression in the heart of Wistar rats. Fourteen rats have been kept under controlled conditions and after familiarizing with training protocol, they were divided into control groups and experimental groups. The experimental group performed a 10-week treadmill running program for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized and the heart and their left ventricle were taken out and purB expression was measured using real time PCR method. All data were analyzed using t test. In this study, the results of M-mode echocardiography showed that endurance training led to cardiac hypertrophy. After endurance training, the heart weight, especially the left ventricular weight significantly increased. The purB gene expression significantly decreased in the left ventricular tissue of endurance-trained rats. The results of this study revealed that endurance training has considerable effects on heart size and purB gene expression. The purB gene also repressed Alpha-MHC gene expression it seems that the changes in heart structure related to Alpha-MHC gene expression.

Psychological problems play a critical role in development of cardiovascular disease. Several mechanisms were suggested to explain the association and mechanism of this effect, recently. Knowledge of the mechanisms mediating the association between psychological status and heart disease could help in developing treatments. The effects of mind and mood on the cardiovascular system can be due to behavior related (indirect) mechanisms. In fact, mental problems can lead to some behavioral changes which are associated with cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, it can effect on the cardiovascular system directly by elevating stress hormone levels, heartbeat and blood vessels constriction. Therefore, in this review, majority of mechanisms linking mental health disorders and cardiac disease are represented in these two parts.

Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease with public health importance, especially for individuals with weak immune system, such as children, elderly people and immune suppressed ones. Evaluation of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in wild rodents such as wild brown rats could help to establish an epidemiological map of Cryptosporidiosis. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in wild brown rat population at Shoushtar, Iran. In this descriptive study, 14 trapping districts were selected in Shoushtar, Iran by simple random method. Trapping conducted between January 2012 and January 2014. Trapped brown rats were euthanized and then dissected. Then, fecal content of large intestine was collected. After that, fecal samples were passing through a mesh and centrifuged at 10000 g for 10 minutes. The supernatant removed and the pellet was washed with Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by microscopy after sugar flotation and modified acid-fast staining. The prevalence was calculated using descriptive statistics via SPSS (ver. 16). A total of 42 wild brown rats were captured alive during the trapping period. From 14 trapping districts, wild brown rats were captured in 9 districts. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in the current study was 7.1%. The three positive cases belong to 3 districts. The present study demonstrates that wild brown rats are contaminated with Cryptosporidium at Shoushtar, Iran. Reply to this question that either positive samples detected in this study are related to species that have public importance or not, needed molecular studies. However, previous studies with molecular techniques are limited and have controversial results.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a known inherited hemoglobin disorder featured by the presence of sickle shaped erythrocytes in the blood. It can cause cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in adults and children and is responsible for the majority of the strokes in children. Repeated blood transfusion are often required in an attempt to dilute blood thus reducing the risk of vaso-occlusion and stroke in this patients. We report a case of a 13 months old boy, known patient of sickle cell disease with some special signs and symptoms.

Background and Purpose of the Study: Students have different styles of learning which can be part of the reason why some students do not learn adequately despite prominent professors. The present research assists students to come to know the different aspects of their personality go for the right learning and studying styles and be high-achievers in studies. Considering the significance of learning in university students’ academic achievement, the aim of the present research was to investigate the learning styles of Nursing/Midwifery and Para-medicine university students. The present research population was all students of Nursing/Midwifery and Para-medicine. The Kolb learning style inventory was used to collect data. Census was used for sampling among all male and female students entering university in either the first or second semester of 2014-15 to major in operation room, anesthesia, midwifery, health IT, medical emergency, radiology, lab sciences and nursing in Bandar Abbas.
Findings: Among all the subjects (n=172), the most prevalent learning styles were respectively diverging (49.4%), converging (27.3%), assimilating (12.8%) and accommodating (10.5%). 12.8% of the subjects were in the concrete experience (doing/having an experience) group; 29.1% belonged to the reflective ob.

Servation (reviewing/reflecting on the experience) group; 31.4% were in the abstract conceptualization (concluding/learning from the experience) group and 26.7% belonged to the active experimentation (planning/trying out what one has learned) group. Analysis of learning styles among university students show that the most prevalent learning style is the diverging type and the least prevalent style is the concrete experience.

Background and Purpose of Study: Adherence to religion is associated with a healthier lifestyle which affects people’s mental health. Mental unity is a key to health personality. Among value systems, religion is the most capable of creating this unity. The present research, therefore, aims to investigate how intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation related to university students’ mental health. The present comparative research was conducted on the students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. The sample size was estimated to be 200. To be on the safe side, however, 252 subjects were selected from the target population. To collect the required data, Alport Syndrome Questionnaire as well as the General health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Spearman’s test of correlation coefficient, etc.) were used to analyze the data via SPSS v.19. Findings: According to the findings, 167 subjects were female (66.3%) and 85 (33.7%) were male. As for age, 118 subjects were 20-22 years of age (48.4%) which had the highest frequency. A comparison of male and female subjects in term of mental health revealed that women and men were significantly different as concerns their religious orientation (intrinsic and extrinsic). The correlation of multiple aspects of mental health and religious orientation revealed a significant positive correlation between social functioning, depression and intrinsic religious orientation.

Parasitic diseases are one of the most common infections among school-aged children that have severe side effects such as anemia, delayed growth, and mental retardation. One of the ways to prevent the disease is personal hygiene, This study aimed to evaluate the fingernails parasitic infection in children before entering school. In this cross-sectional study, 195 children between ages 6-7 years of 4 snsory clinics in the Bandar Abbas city were entered into the survey. Designed checklist was completed by parents. Sampling was carried out as a random model and samples were collected with sterile nail clipper, then, the specimens were kept in Potassium hydroxide 10% for 24 hours and finally centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 minutes drop of the sediment was placed on a clean slide and after adding of some lugol were seen using light microscope with 10x and 40x objective lenses, respectively. Data were analyzed with spss.17 statistical software using Fisher's exact test and P-value of ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Of the 195 studied children, 5 cases of parasite eggs were observed (eggs freguency2.56%). The only parasite eggs found in the nail were Enterobiusvermicularis. Of these five children, four were male, and one was female. The prevalence of intestinal parasites under the nail was low, but according to other studies carried out on stool sample and report of further contamination, there is the possibility that the parasite is transmitted through contaminated food and water, therefore, evaluation of drinking water and food for parasitic infections is necessary.