نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال هفتم شماره 10 (پیاپی 31، دی 1397)

In this paper, Dervin’s sense-making methodology as one of the well-known theories in communication science is introduced and its implications for humanities research process is discussed. Sensemaking is the process of constructing mental framework out of encountered situations in such a way that guides behaviors and makes them meaningful. Despite the diversity of theoretical domains, existing sensemaking models consider sensemaking an essential component of human actions, especially in expertise-oriented fields. Dervin’s sense-making methodology is one of the two frontiers in this area. This metatheory includes a set of philosophical assumptions about human nature and the essence of human communication, and it presents a methodology based on those assumptions. Sense-making methodology has a critical approach to conventional research methods in human sciences and strives for maintaining advantages of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies by focusing on the complexity of human communication; nevertheless, it takes steps toward establishing communication axioms, which result in a very flexible methodology that could be utilized in a variety of human sciences. In the current paper, Dervin’s sense-making methodology is elaborated both in metatheoretical and methodological levels; then, some of the studies employing this methodology are mentioned. Finally, its epistemological approach to humanities studies is discussed.

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of psychological analysis of the movies with religious themes on university students' level of religiosity. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The population included all university students in Tehran. Using convenience sampling, the sample (n=40) was selected and randomly assigned into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group members participated in 11 sessions. The sessions included watching and analyzing movies with religious themes. The control group received no intervention. Religiosity Scale for Students was used for collecting date. Results indicated that the mean scores of religiosity components especially religious affects have increased in experimental group although this effect has not been significant. It may be safe to say that showing and analyzing movies with religious themes may enhance some of religiosity components. The narrative structures of movies may affect people's religiosity.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the research community on emotional Cognitive Emotion Regulation were elementary students. The study population included all primary school students in six of the city zarandieh the sample was selected using random cluster, then randomly a class in another class in the experimental group and the control group and save the Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire Garnfsky, Craig and spin Haven (2001), was completed by the students in both groups. In this study, groups of 10 to 45-minute training program was using research community And finally was set-test. Data obtained from the questionnaire scoring with analysis of covariance (Ancova) and multivariate analysis of covariance (Mancova) were analyzed. According to research findings, significant effects on students' educational intervention on cognitive emotion regulation. So that the components of the blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, focusing on planning, reassessment, perspective-taking, catastrophizing and blaming others in the group the trial showed a significant increase as compared to the control group. Based on the findings, the study concluded that social, cognitive emotion regulation strategies to increase positive and negative strategies to reduce this variable.

Subjective well-being, plays a vital role in ensuring the dynamism and efficiency of each community. Tenacity that job stress is in the process of modifying an important role in reducing stress and increase well-being and spiritual health. This study aimed to determine the correlation between spiritual experience, resilience and subjective well-being of nurses. of this study was to examine the relationship between spiritual experiences and hardiness in nurses' was subject well-being. This cross - sectional study using systematic sampling on all nursing staff at the hospital Martyrs LORDEGAN (second semester 1393-1392) was carried out. for analyzing research questions Dressy test of Pearson correlation, step by step regression, independent T, unilateral variance analyze for evaluation of research questions . showed that there Between spiritual experiences and hardiness there is a significant negative relationship with subject well-being (P <01/0). Spiritual experiences situation nurses in lordegan city in terms of years (P <05/0) and marital status (P <01/0) is the same, subject well-being in nurses in the city situation lordegan in terms of years (P <05/0) and sexuality (P <01/0) is the same and that subject well-being among nurses is not married and unmarried alike (P <01/0). Hardiness among nurses based on years of marriage is the same hardiness among nurses are more men than women. Due to variable results between spiritual experience and subjective well-being and hardiness there is a significant relationship, which can lead to the promotion of mental well-being. Thus spiritual experience and plans to increase it to maintain mental health it is important.

The present study was done with the aim of reviewing the effectiveness of self- assertiveness training on amount of anxiety in teenagers with divorced parents. The sample was composed of 30 teenagers with divorced parents, situated randomly into two groups (a test group and a control group). The test group was offered self- assertiveness training in 10 session, each session was 90 minutes, and the control group received no training. According to statistical plan (pre-test, post -test with control group), before running the treatment program, two groups answered to Cattle Anxiety Questionnaire. To analyze the obtained data, the mean, standard deviation and variance analysis were used. The results showed that self- assertiveness had a significant effect on teenagers’ anxiety having divorced parents (P >05/0). self- assertiveness training with the emphasis on unique concepts and also the tasks in which references are given, has made effective steps towards impact on mind and thoughts of teenagers with divorced parents and therefore can have an important role on their anxiety. Thus, we can conclude that training of self- assertiveness can reduce anxiety of teenagers with divorced parents.

Attachment is a strong bond between mother and child which could be considered an amazing and unique phenomenon. The primary relationship between a mother and her child during pregnancy is described as maternal fetal attachment. Getting attached to her child during pregnancy, a mother will be ready to initiate a joyful communication with her infant postpartum, and to allow her infant to form a safe and healthy attachment. In contradiction to common belief about initiation of primary attachment at the age of 6 months, studies show that not only pregnancy is the period in which the attachment is formed, but by the means of proper trainings, we could lay the grounds for development and growth of maternal fetal attachment and help mothers to enjoy stressful times of pregnancy. In the field of training and education of maternal fetal attachment techniques, a comprehensive package that includes teaching different aspects of attachment and reinforcing its details is not available. However, in this article intervention program for healthy attachment development based on Cranley's (1981) dimensions of maternal fetal attachment is introduced.

Divorce is a serious threat to the family and society that in the modern world has grown dramatically. Divorce is a multidimensional phenomenon and a consequence of multiple causes and the cause of many social, economic and psychological problem. Violence is one of the reasons for the tendency of people to divorce. This is a qualitative research. The sample size is 30 women who applicants for the divorce in Kerman and were selected by available sampling method. The data suggests that physical violence with 18 cases and 60 percentage is the most important factor for divorce and verbal violence with 13 cases and 43.3 percentage frequency and behavioral violence with 12 cases and 40% percentage frequency are in the next place. From the perspective of women applicants for the divorce, violence is the most important factor that has determined them to divorce petition.

This study is in line with the degree of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory - 3 Personality Inventory (SCID-II) in the diagnosis of personality disorde. The research sample included 510 patients (160 men and 350 non-clinical, clinical) subjects were clinically purposive sampling and non-clinical subjects were selected by simple random sampling. Data from clinical trial Millon - 3 (MCMI-III), Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II) and demographic characteristics were used. For data analysis, chi-square tests (X2) and kappa coefficient was used. Statistical analysis showed that the agreement with the MCMI-III personality questionnaire (SCID-II) in the diagnosis of personality disorders, the highest and the lowest coordinate in the clinical diagnosis of borderline personality disorder with 66/0, and dependent personality disorder / 004 is also the highest and the lowest coordinate in non-clinical diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder with 46/0, and dependent personality disorder / 006, respectively. The results of the characteristics of personality scales MCMI-III, the positive predictive power in the range of 95/0 to 15/0, 94/0 to 35/0 and also can detect negative predictive power in the range of 99/0 to 41 / 0 respectively. The results of this study show the diagnostic validity of MCMI-III is valid and desirable, and evaluations can be used for diagnosis, treatment and research of personality disorders is used.

The present study aimed at investigating The effect of teacher education strategies forgiveness On the Amount forgiveness and the social tolerance of male and female in the academic year 95-1394 Area 2 city of Zahedan. the study was experimental with pretest-posttest control group. A total of 80 people from four classes (two classes and two classes of boys and girls as experimental as the control group) were selected and 40 in the control group and 40 patients in the test group. Data Collection tools was questionnaire, 18 questions forgiveness Heartland (HFS) (Thompson, 2005) with three subscales and Social tolerance questionnaire with 20 questions of the researchers with the three subscales With the whole 5-point Likert. For the study, the pre-test was held for two experimental and control groups, Then experimental group in 10 sessions for 6 weeks and at least 2 times a week classes were trained and thepost-test was performed. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levin and two-way ANKOVA. The results showed that Forgiveness education increased Forgiveness scores (sig=0/047<05/0( and social tolerance (sig=0/042<05/0.( In the experimental group than the control group in the post-test. Also significant differences was observed.between the test scores of two groups of girls and boys In post-test Forgiveness (sig=0/044<05/0( and social tolerance (sig=0/038<05/0( in pre-test.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles, differentiation of self and feeling of guilt with moral commitment. the design research is descriptive- correlation. The participants were 221 female married students in Ahvaz who were selected using available sampling method.The instruments used were Behavioral Practices Questionnair, Marita Commitment Questionnaire, Differentiation of Self Inventory, and Test Of Self-Conscious Affect. The results showed that in level of p≤0/001 between secure and insecure attachment style with moral commitment were meaningful relation and in order of positive relationship and negative one. Between differentiation of self with moral commitment were meaningful and positive relationship level of p≤0/001 and Between feeling of guil with moral commitment were not meaningful relationship and correlation between them Was refused. In addition,obtained results from regression analysis using simultaneous stepwise method showed that predictor variables can explain 0/81 of moral Commitment, which is significant in confidence level of p≤0/001. moral commitment will be shown in various aspects if a person has secure attachment style and ability to recognize and express his or her emotions.

This research has been conducted to examine the role of components of academic procrastination and loneliness in students' academic burnout. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The population consisted of all students enrolled in ahar public and private schools in the 2015-2016 academic year. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 324 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Instruments were procrastination assessment scale (Solomon & Rothblum, 1989), University of California Los Angeles loneliness scale (1980) and the Maslach Burnout inventory-student survey (2002). data Were analyzed Using software 16 spss and Statistical tests Pearson correlation and multiple regression (stepwise). Pearson correlation coefficient results showed that all of the components of academic procrastination and loneliness with academic burnout significant positive relationship (P<0/01). Also, Multiple Regression Results showed that students' academic burnout could be anticipated from academic procrastination and loneliness. it is necessary that this relation being considered in any curriculum planning and affairs reform.

This research aimed to predict the Islamic marital satisfaction based on personality dimensions and marital expectations. This study was descriptive. By simple random sampling among married students of Scientific Centre of Applied Foundation of Kermanshah Martyrs and Veterans Affairs, a sample of 98 persons was selected. For collecting data on the questionnaires of NEO dimensions (McCrae and Costa, 1985), the Islamic marital satisfaction (D., Jodiryand Janbozorgi,2009) and marital expectations (Omidvar, 2007) was used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and regression. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between marital satisfaction and marital expectations, but there was no significant relationship between personality dimensions and marital satisfaction.

Early maladaptive schemas are beliefs that people have toward themselves, others and/or environment which generally stem from dissatisfaction of basic needs; particularly emotional needs in childhood. EMSs have a significant relationship with quality of life quality, but effects of gender and marital status are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of gender and marital status in the relationship between EMSs and quality of life. The methods of present study was correlation and statistical population includes general population of Shiraz city. 391 subjects (181 men, 209 women) who were selected through convenient sampling completed the Schema Questionnaire Young & Brown (1999) and Quality of life Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 1998). Data was analyzed by using hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that gender has the moderating role between autonomy and impaired-performance domain (p<0/05) and marriage has the moderating role between being other-directness domain (p<0/01) with quality of life. On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that various factors such as early maladaptive schemas, gender and marriage effect quality of life in different ways

Transliminality, a construct has been introduced to academic and scientific research in the past decades attracting a growing attention in various fields, say, cognitive sciences, personality psychology, clinical psychology and parapsychology. Transliminality is “a hypothesized tendency for psychological material to cross (trans) thresholds (limines) into and out of consciousness. Conceptualizations of Transliminality describe this psychological process as “a thread” that ties relevant states of consciousness together. According to the findings of researches about creative transliminals , the correlations tended to be positive with transliminality, indicating more creativity and a greater vulnerability to mental illnesses. This correlation has revived the old controversy about madness and genius. According to this point, the main aim of this research with descriptive- review method was to collect the results of current valid studies on Transliminality and its correlated variables. The present research tended to investigate the relationship between creativity and mental illness in the context of transliminality.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) a type of psychological disorder with persistent fear and avoidance of social situations due to fears of evaluation. SAD is associated with significant impairment in social and work functioning. Gender differences in social anxiety disorder are important for treatment seeking. Although SAD is One of the most common psychological disorders, there has been few researches of gender differences in SAD. The aim of this study was to compare the dimensions of social anxiety: fear, avoidance and physiological response between male and female students. 392 students of Shahed University, including 182 boys and 210 girls sampling were They were available selected and They were asked to complete questionnaire scale of social phobia (SPIN) in three dimensions, fear, avoidance and distress physiological response. The results of T-test showed there was no significant difference in the scores of social anxiety in both sexes. Also the level of fear, avoidance and physiological discomfort there is no significant difference.So it can be concluded that the prevalence of social anxiety in male and female students is almost at the same level.

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of learning self-regulation strategies on surface, deep and strategic learning approaches of high school first grade female students in Yazd. The study method was pre-test and post-test design. For this purpose, a sample size of 57 subjects was selected by multistage cluster sampling method among high school first grade female students in Yazd and randomly divided into the two experimental and control groups. After 12 sessions of learning self-regulation strategies, information about learning approaches were collected using learning approaches' questionnaire of Entwistle and Ramsden (2000). The study results showed: 1) A significant difference is observed between the average score of surface learning approach in both groups in post-test, so the average adjusted score of post-test of surface learning approach in the experimental group (effect size .28) is lower than the average adjusted score of post-test of surface learning approach in the control group. 2) A significant difference is observed between the average score of deep learning approach in both groups in post-test. Therefore, the average adjusted score of post-test of deep learning approach in the experimental group (effect size .50) is higher than the average adjusted score of post-test of deep learning approach in the control group. 3) A significant difference is observed between the average score of strategic learning approach in both groups in post-test. Therefore, the average adjusted score of post-test of deep learning approach in the experimental group (effect size .47) is higher than the average adjusted score of post-test of strategic learning approach in the control group. According to the study results, we can conclude that learning self-regulation strategies can promote surface, deep and strategic learning approaches of high school first grade students.

The present study aims to investigate the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between body image and self-esteem among students. To this end, 250 students were randomly selected through stratified multi-stage sampling based on gender in the University of Kashan (Iran) in 2015-2016 academic year. The respondents filled out Body Image Concern Inventory (2008), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and NEF Self-Compassion Scale (2003). Pearson Correlation and Hierarchical Regression Analysis were run to analyze the data in SPSS-22. The results indicated that body image concern has a significant, negative relationship with self-esteem and there is a significant, positive relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion. In addition, self-compassion significantly mediates the relationship between body image and self-esteem among students. Furthermore, as the self-compression increases, the relationship between body image concern and self-esteem becomes weaker. The findings imply that self-esteem could be promoted by reducing body image concern and paying more attention to self-compassion through developing suitable interventional protocols.

Self-esteem is an important aspect consistent in all stages of life that plays a role in emotional, social and psychological compliance. And this issue is more important at the time of old age, particularly in mental health. So, The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of brain gym exercises on Self- esteem in elderly.The following papers are an empirical study and the study sample included all elderly people in the Elderly Nursing Homes in Sari city. The sampling method of this research it was the kind of available. For this purpose, 30 people in their elderly were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The empirical group performed brain gym exercises, which have been exclusively designed to improve Self- esteem, in 8 sessions of 30 minutes. In order to measure self-esteem of participants in the pre-test and post-test was used from Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Covariance test was used to analyze the data. Concludingly, it was demonstrated that by controlling the pretest scores, there is a significant difference between Self-esteem of the control and empirical group. The findings of this survey confirmed the effectiveness brain exercise on cognitive factors such as self-esteem in the elderly.

According to the effect of burnout on mental health, the aim of current research was meta-analysis of studies which were conducted onthe relationship between burnout and mental health. Through meta-analysis method, this study integrated the results of various studies and then determined the effect size of the relationship between burnout and mental health. To achieve this purpose,among 26 studies, 17 studies which were accepted methodologically, were selected and meta-analysis was done on them. The present study is based on 2800 participants and 17 effect sizeswhich meta-analysis checklist was used for them. Generally, the findings indicatethat the effect size of burnout and mental health is 0.415 which it shows a relatively strong relation between these two variables. The results of this study emphasize on the importance of job burnout and its adverse consequence on mental health.

Terror management theory- which is a social psychology theory and inspired by evolutionary, psychodynamic and existential approaches - attempts to explain formation of sense of self and social behaviors with attention to survival tendency and escape from terror of death. This theory suggests two kinds of defenses in confrontation of death thoughts (proximal and distal defenses) and claims conscious thoughts of death bring proximal defenses (denial and distraction) and unconscious thoughts of death bring distal defenses (cultural worldview and enhancing self-esteem). Recent researches have showed death thoughts may cause people to reprioritize their goals. Conscious thoughts of death make intrinsic goals salience and unconscious thoughts of death highlights extrinsic goals (Sheldon & Kasser, 2008). This study aims to assess relation between consciousness levels of thoughts about death and goal orientations. Also a question to answer is if intrinsic motives mediate the relation between the two variables. Sample of this study consists of 45 female students of psychology of University of Tehran which have been placed in three 15-person-groups (two experimental groups and one control group). After a reminder of mortality, first experimental group filled out the goal list in next 10 years and second experimental group also filled out the goal list but after an interval which was designed to provoke their unconscious death thoughts. Control group also filled out the goal list, but they were received an intervention irrelevant to death. Then 200 people were asked to decide the subjects’ goal orientations on the basis of being intrinsic or extrinsic. results of U Mann-Whitney test for comparing the mean of two groups (p<0.1) indicate a significant difference, in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic goals, between the two groups: one with time interval (mean rank= 33.8) and the other one without time interval (mean rank= 67.22). in conclusion, if an individual has been confronted with a stimulus of motality salience reminders and in return unconscious thoughts of death have been have been evoked, he or she would choose extrinsic goals instead of intrinsic ones. these findings have been explained based on information processing through intervention methods.