نشریه زبان کاوی کاربردی
پیاپی 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

Intertextual as one of the most important issues of contemporary literary criticism is a theory that expresses the connection of texts with each other, and finding this relationship can lead the audience to a new reading of texts. Among these texts, the historical novels of Georgi Zidane are the main pioneering contemporary historical novels that have distinguished for the important feature of communication with religious and literary texts. This matter is more accounted when it comes to knowing that he is a Christian writer. Intertextual relations with these novels have been very purposeful and directional, as the author of these stories, by knowing the power of the influence of literary expression and the wisdom, and so on, consciously included them in the content of his stories. By categorizing the species of Intertextual forms in these stories, what is gained is that most of its Intertextual are from a kind of partial negation, and it seems that its reason should be searched in type of audiences of these stories and the purpose of the Georgi Zidane of compilation of these novels.

In today's meaning (whether written or non-textual) the texts are influenced in the form of pre-texts and influence texts after themselves; in other words, the texts are in conversations with previous and next texts; the Intertextuality seeks to reveal how their influences, impacts, and different practices and diverse functions. It can be said that in addition to the fact that texts have an Intertextual relationship with each other, on a larger scale, literary types also have such a function, or at least it can be claimed that inter-text relations are also seen in some literary forms; this is more significant when it would be possible that two different literary types have such a degree; Accordingly, in the present research, it attempts to explain the issue, and examine the inter-text relations (or generic) of some Persian literary types; hence, we will try to explain inter-text relations of epic and Lyric literature, with the emphasis on the ode form in Persian poetry, also we show that the structure of the Persian ode in various devices is influenced by the epic literary structure. This influence is more evident especially in the rhetorical system of ode.

The fiction has undergone various experiences over the past three decades in Iran. From simple stories which have just been convey the message to the audience irrespective of the form to the complex works often portrayed the consequences of the war through a solid language and structure. Meanwhile, grasshopper’s night is a worthwhile reflection due to the social and psychological consequences of the war. In the story, Jawad Mojabi, by passing through the reality, conquers the dimensions of the imaginary world. This fantasy world is in fact the symbolic conception of the real world. In addition, other features such as disarranging the logic of time, complex plot, using unjustifiable magic elements and ambiguity and mystique have brought grasshopper’s night closer to the effects of magical realism. This research seeks to discuss the mentioned novel in perspective of magical realism, and determines how impressionable it is from the method and answer the question that whether magical realism can be effective and appropriate for the creation of war-related works?

“Sina Treaty” is one of the short stories from the collection of “Hey Hey Language” written by Egyptian author Yusuf Idris (1991-1991). The present research has tried to examine outstanding narrative elements of the mentioned story with a descriptive-analytic approach in order to illustrate the issue of resistance and confidence in it. The results indicate that this short story, unlike many other author’s stories the persona is often introduced by direct and indirect characterization and these characters are the symbol of the mood and the morale of their nations and their governments. The main theme of the story refers to the confrontation of the great powers over domination of the weak countries from various aspects of political, social, economic, and... and the message of the story is the call for self-sufficiency, self-confidence and resistance.

The role-oriented approach to language has led to systematic studies of texts. Poetry and other literary texts can be read and analyzed with different perspectives although they differ from the scientific and educational texts due to the highlight of the language. The purpose of this research is Pooneh Nikooei's poetry readings based on the role-oriented approach to language. Pooneh Nikooei is a young poet who has paid attention to social poetry. This poem-which is called like pigeon and contains the pure feelings of a soldier’s child, is selected from Green Pomegranate Red Olive book. The findings of the research indicate short sentences, the plurality of processes, the overcoming of relational processes and the being descriptive this poem. Also, the results of this research show that the poet did not pay much attention to the peripheral elements and did not look for pad out her speech in this poem.

One of the main elements in the Da novel is the fear and anxiety associated always with the characters forming the story. In fact, fear and anxiety are the main elements and the foundations of this novel, and they appear in any form at anytime and anywhere. Given the fact that there is a sort of essential and fundamental difference between fear and anxiety, it is natural that their appearance, as well as the reaction and positioning of the characters of the story against fear and anxiety, differ from each other. Each of the characters in the story also has their own strategy to reduce that feeling. An interesting point in this story is the relationship between these two senses, because sometimes one is an introduction to the emergence of another. In fact, in order to study one of these factors, it is necessary to study another formation way. In the article, it is tried to analyze the semantic sign of this novel as well as the formation way of different feelings in the hero of the story as well as the strategies that individuals use to express, change or conceal these feelings.