مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 29، پاییز 1396)

Preparation and evaluation of land use maps and identify potential areas is important source of information for policy principles and the formulation of development programs. The aim of this study, detection and identification of factors affecting land use changes in the Talesh County with use of the Landsat ETM+ for 2003 and Landsat OLI sensors for 2017. After necessary preprocessing, to raise the spatial resolution of both images, IHS method was integrated to fusion of panchromatic and multispectral bands. Classification of images was integrated with supervised method on fused images that have 15 meter spatial resolution with Artificial Neural Network. The results showed that forest and agricultural land use in the Talesh County in period of 14 years, efforts have decreased and vice versa for human use on the rise. Due to the increasing population of the County and people need more space to live, lead to physical development in their peripheral direction has been suggested that the exploitation of agricultural land and forests. So to preserve natural areas, consolidation and legalization of land use will be on the agenda by experts and officials.

The optimal management of natural resources requires timely and accurate information. In this regard, land use plans are one of the most important sources of information on natural resource management. In fact, land use plans include the use of land for different needs. Today, digitization detection methods help to understand the panorama of a landscape using several satellite imagery. The purpose of this study was to classify landslide using satellite imagery and fusion techniques with object image processing approach in Ghezel Ozan watershed. To carry out this research, Landsat 8 satellite image, OLI / TIRS sensor was used. After making the necessary corrections in the preprocessing stage, we made the appearance or fusion of the pictorial image using a panchromatic band. We improved the spatial resolution of the image used from 30 meters to 15 meters. Then, with an object-oriented classification in the eCognition software environment, a map of land cover / land use and final results were presented. Also, the accuracy of the extracted accuracy (total accuracy of 89.41% and kappa coefficient of 0.87) indicate the accuracy of this classification method. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is suggested to use a technique for increasing the spatial resolution of images (fusion) as well as a precise object-oriented classification for the preparation of land-cover / land-use maps and the detection of changes from the image to the present day.

Informal settlements in most countries as a problem and considered an unacceptable phenomenon. City managers interact with residents of informal settlements are favorable and constructive. In this paper, the change of attitude and behavior towards informal settlements in urban management is emphasized. The aim is to establish relationships between people and management practices to be reviewed in the light of informal settlements and the possibility of organizing public participation to be determined. The question is what type of intervention and municipal managers' performance impact on people's confidence and participation and Is the urban management performance will improve informal settlements? Statistical population includes people living in the Mianabad, Eslamshahr. Eslamshahr is located in Tehran metropolitan area. The Mianabad neighborhood is most important informal settlements in the city of Eslamshahr. 400 was sampled and checked on it in two different periods (2007 and 2009) and then analysis was performed with software spss and excel. The results show positive effects in two periods of time. Positive assessment of the quality of municipal management services increased from 7 to 20 percent. People's satisfaction was changed from 18to 38 percent. The trust and confidence of the people towards the urban management had risen from 16 to 27 percent. Also the tendency for individuals to participate in the organization of neighborhoods rose from 15 to 33 percent.

Uneven distribution of facilities and services on the one hand the formation of social and neighborhood non-affluent community one the other hand is possessed that the neighborhoods with low income and lack of access to minimum standards exacerbate poverty been close off. The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between population distribution and spatial distribution utilities in urban areas, so considering the importance of equitable distribution of services and public facilities in the city in this study the facts through descriptive and analytical. It also uses entropy and Gini coefficient was calculated spatial distribution of population in urban area Urmia and then using is TOPSIS urban areas in terms of research ranking and finally, the software SPSS.23 is obtained correlation coefficient between rank population and rating services public. Finding The results indicate that is, the spatial distribution of population in four districts of the city of Urmia is relatively balanced and rank regions 1, 2, 3, 4 Urmia, using TOPSIS, the public utilities indices were 1, 3, 2, 4. Dispersion coefficient values indicate that the greatest inequality in the spatial distribution of public services according to the selected indicators research, cultural index (libraries, cultural center, etc.) and lowest educational indicators of inequality in the distribution of allocated space. The correlation coefficient between rank population and public’s utilities index rating reflects the lack of balanced distribution of public services on the basis of the urban population of Urmia.

Spatial citizenship is an approach to educate citizens in order to take advantage of modern information and communication technologies. Accordingly, a spatial citizen should be able to interpret and critically reflect on "spatial information"; communicate with the aid of maps and other "spatial representations" and to express the location-specific opinions using "Geomedia". Considering the expansion of the information and communication space, there is a pressing need to understand the features of this emerging concept and the specific strategies of participatory urban planning process based on the spatial citizenship approach. The research method in this study is descriptive and the documentary and review approaches have been used in the context of library studies, so that the contents were collected by referring to valid documents. Conceptually, spatial citizenship emanates from the individual and collective appropriation of the social space and supports individuals to obtain the necessary competencies for a way to have a more active participation in society. Spatial citizenship adds a spatial domain to citizenship education by combination of absolute, cognitive and relational concepts of space. In this approach, it is necessary to have skills and ability. The required competencies for spatial citizenship are: deconstruct the spatial information available from various sources, further ones, own visions of social space, being able to translate and communicate them with the help of geographical information. According to the case study, the proposed approach can play an effective role in the realization of strategic planning goals by educating citizens in such a way that it changes the nature of participatory urban planning.

Human security includes original material,immaterial needs. In other words, human security issues beyond physical survival of human life on behalf. The city center,the main substrate of human growth,development. Accordingly urban areas should be given the similarities,differences between age groups,social, environmental, safe, healthy, stable,attractive to everyone,provide an appropriate response to the needs of all sectors of society to give. This study aimed to identify the geographical,geopolitical factors affecting urban human security in South Khorasan province with descriptive-analytic method has been done. Based on the results of geographical,geopolitical factors affecting human security documents, the most important city of the compilation of factors,components of socio-cultural, political-security, economic infrastructure,natural geography. The little bag features such as population, employment, swan-Mgrayy, the border, low development level, the desert, mountains, large area with low population, trafficking,security situation prevailing in the country at the South Khorasan province, in particular Security human security,urban areas, it is effective. The catchment population of 178 people using Cochran formula the sample size was estimated to be 85 people. Cronbach's alpha for this study was 87,0 percent for the validity of the pre-test was used. Based on the T-test on one side of the field parameters examined in this study the first five indicators related to human security-city South Khorasan Province, respectively, are: economic deprivation,poverty manufacturing, uneven development, employment, foreign nationals,immigrants the high number of foreign,cross-border communications. According to Friedman test results, economic deprivation,poverty indices of production, uneven development, employment rate, the high number of cross-border communication,the topography of the city as the most important factors affecting the security of South Khorasan province.